After the smoke has cleared: evaluation of the impact of a new national smoke-free law in New Zealand
After the smoke has cleared: evaluation of the impact of a new national smoke-free law in New Zealand
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2007.020347
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Woodward, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, R.;Thomson, G.;Woodward, A.
背景：新西兰2003年无烟环境修正案(SEAA)从2004年12月10日起在酒吧、赌场、会员俱乐部、餐馆和几乎所有其他工作场所引入禁烟措施，延长了对办公室和零售工作场所吸烟的现有限制。目的：评估SEAA关于室内无烟工作场所和公共场所(学校和早期学习中心除外)方面的实施和结果。方法：收集公众和利益相关者对无烟政策的态度和支持的数据；信息传播、执法活动和合规；工作场所暴露于二手烟(SHS)；与SHS暴露有关的健康结果的变化；结果：调查显示，公众和酒吧经理越来越多地支持SEAA及其基本原则。有证据表明，酒吧和酒吧的合规性很高，预计这些地方的执法问题最多。自我报告的数据表明，工作场所的SHS暴露--SEAA的主要目标--从2003年的约20%大幅下降到2006年的8%。接待场所的空气质量有了很大改善。据报道，家庭中的SHS暴露也显著减少。没有明确的证据表明戒烟对健康或成人吸烟流行率有短期影响，尽管戒烟广告支出减少，但对戒烟热线的呼声有所增加。现有数据表明，包括在旅游和酒店业在内，对经济的影响大致是中性的。结论：从公共卫生的角度来看，立法修改的影响是有利的。确定了需要进一步调查的领域和可能的监管领域，如与SHS有关的半封闭户外区域的污染。这项研究补充了越来越多的文献，这些文献记录了全面无烟立法的积极影响。引入覆盖所有室内公共场所和工作场所的全面无烟立法的科学和公共卫生理由现在是压倒性的，应该成为世界各地立法者的公共卫生优先事项，作为控制烟草流行的有效公共卫生政策的全球化的一部分。
Background: The New Zealand 2003 Smoke-free Environments Amendment Act (SEAA) extended existing restrictions on smoking in office and retail workplaces by introducing smoking bans in bars, casinos, members' clubs, restaurants and nearly all other workplaces from 10 December 2004.Objective: To evaluate the implementation and outcomes of aspects of the SEAA relating to smoke-free indoor workplaces and public places, excluding schools and early learning centres.Methods: Data were gathered on public and stakeholder attitudes and support for smoke-free policies; dissemination of information, enforcement activities and compliance; exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in the workplace; changes in health outcomes linked to SHS exposure; exposure to SHS in homes; smoking prevalence and smoking related behaviours; and economic impacts.Results: Surveys suggested growing majority support for the SEAA and its underlying principles among the public and bar managers. There was evidence of high compliance in bars and pubs, where most enforcement problems were expected. Self reported data suggested that SHS exposure in the workplace, the primary objective of the SEAA, decreased significantly from around 20% in 2003, to 8% in 2006. Air quality improved greatly in hospitality venues. Reported SHS exposure in homes also reduced significantly. There was no clear evidence of a short term effect on health or on adult smoking prevalence, although calls to the smoking cessation quitline increased despite reduced expenditure on smoking cessation advertising. Available data suggested a broadly neutral economic impact, including in the tourist and hospitality sectors.Conclusion: The effects of the legislation change were favourable from a public health perspective. Areas for further investigation and possible regulation were identified such as SHS related pollution in semi-enclosed outdoor areas. The study adds to a growing body of literature documenting the positive impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation. The scientific and public health case for introducing comprehensive smoke-free legislation that covers all indoor public places and workplaces is now overwhelming, and should be a public health priority for legislators across the world as part of the globalisation of effective public health policy to control the tobacco epidemic.