The kinetics of the reaction of majorite plus ferropericlase to ringwoodite: Implications for mantle upwellings crossing the 660 km discontinuity

The kinetics of the reaction of majorite plus ferropericlase to ringwoodite: Implications for mantle upwellings crossing the 660 km discontinuity
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多数沸石加方镁石与尖角橄榄石的反应动力学:对穿越 660 km 间断面的地幔上升流的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.009
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Dobson D
Dobson D
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dobson D

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我们已经测量了MgO和镁橄榄石石榴石之间的反应动力学在20 GPa和1773-2123 K作为一个代理的钙钛矿和铁方镁石之间的反应在地幔上涌跨越660公里的地震间断。林伍德石形成MgO和石榴石之间的层,在铝石榴石的情况下,林伍德石和石榴石之间的界面开发指状不稳定性,导致在这个界面上的复杂共生。相比之下,MgO-林伍德石界面总是平面的初始平面MgO-石榴石界面。因此定义了两个厚度;(1)层厚度X1,其是形成与MgO相邻的平面平行的有界层的林伍德石的最大厚度,和(2)界面厚度X2,其是远离林伍德石层的共生区域的最大范围。这两个区域的生长都可以用表观速率常数ki来描述,对于林伍德层来说,这是一个Arrhenius方程,其中ln(k 1 0)=− 6.36±0.25 m 2/s,E1 = 456±40 kJ/mol;对于共生区域来说,ln(k 2 0)=− 9.2±3.3 m 2/s,E2 = 371±53 kJ/mol。指进不稳定性是由铝在灵伍德石中的不相容性及其在石榴石中的低化学扩散性引起的,这导致在灵伍德石-石榴石界面处的表面积增加以使界面处的铝浓度最小化。共生区含有一种细粒的混合物,由林伍德石和石榴石组成,随时间推移,这种混合物变粗的速度非常缓慢。这可能会导致在660公里的地震间断上方的地幔上涌区域的短暂减弱,从而使上地幔和下地幔之间存在一定的粘性解耦。
We have measured the kinetics of reaction between MgO and majoritic garnet at 20 GPa and 1773–2123 K as a proxy for the reaction between perovskite and ferropericlase during mantle upwelling across the 660 km seismic discontinuity. Ringwoodite forms a layer between MgO and garnet and, in the case of aluminous garnets the interface between ringwoodite and garnet develops a fingering instability resulting in a complex intergrowth at this interface. By contrast, the MgO–ringwoodite interface is always planar for an initial planar MgO–garnet interface. Two thicknesses are therefore defined;(1) a layer thickness, X 1, which is the maximum thickness of ringwoodite which forms a plane-parallel bounded layer next to the MgO, and (2) an interface thickness, X 2, which is the maximum extent of the intergrowth region away from the ringwoodite layer. The growth of both of these regions can be described by apparent rate constants, k i, which are Arrhenius with ln⁡(k 1 0)=− 6.36±0.25 m 2/s and E 1= 456±40 kJ/mol for the ringwoodite layer, and ln⁡(k 2 0)=− 9.2±3.3 m 2/s and E 2= 371±53 kJ/mol for the intergrowth region. The fingering instability is caused by the incompatibility of aluminium in ringwoodite and its low chemical diffusivity in garnet which results in an increase of surface area at the ringwoodite–garnet interface to minimise the aluminium concentration at the interface. The intergrowth region contains a fine-grained mixture of ringwoodite and garnet which coarsens very slowly with time. This might result in a transient weakening of upwelling regions of mantle just above the 660 km seismic discontinuity allowing some viscous decoupling between the upper and lower mantle.
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