Bioluminescence and the Pelagic Visual Environment
Bioluminescence and the Pelagic Visual Environment
复制标题
生物发光和远洋视觉环境
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Widder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Widder
生物发光在地球上是一种相对罕见的现象。萤火虫是最著名的例子，尽管也有生物发光的蚯蚓，甲虫，千足虫，蜈蚣，苍蝇，蜗牛和真菌。这些生物中没有一种是高丰度的，似乎在陆地上的自然平衡中没有发挥重要作用。相比之下，海洋中的生物发光生物如此丰富，它们在海洋生态系统中的重要性是毋庸置疑的。然而，在评估海洋环境的视觉生态时，生物发光常常被忽视或低估。虽然人们普遍认为光是海洋中生物分布模式和行为的关键决定因素，但生物发光在这方面的影响却鲜为人知。此外，虽然生物发光在低于阳光穿透深度的海底光场和在表面沃茨的夜间占主导地位，但与太阳光场相比，它的特征很差。这篇文章提供了一个一般性的描述远洋视觉环境的知识现状，重点是关于生物发光浮游生物产生的光场。有人认为，鉴于光在远洋领域塑造生命的程度，我们应该期望找到对生物发光光场的可比适应。
Bioluminescence is a relatively rare phenomenon in the terrestrial world. Fireflies are the best-known examples, although there are also bioluminescent earthworms, beetles, millipedes, centipedes, flies, snails and fungi. None of these creatures are found in high abundance and do not appear to play a significant role in the balance of nature on land. In contrast, bioluminescent organisms in the ocean are so abundant that their significance in marine ecosystems is beyond question. However, bioluminescence is frequently overlooked or underestimated in assessments of the visual ecology of the marine environment. Although it is a generally accepted fact that light is a critical determinant of organism distribution patterns and behavior in the oceans, the impact of bioluminescence in this regard is little known. Also, while bioluminescence dominates the submarine light field at depths below the penetration of sunlight and at night in surface waters, it is poorly characterized compared to the solar light field. This article provides a general description of the pelagic visual environment with an emphasis on the current state of knowledge regarding the light field produced by bioluminescent plankton. The argument is made that, given the degree to which light has shaped life in the pelagic realm, we should expect to find comparable adaptations to the bioluminescent light field.