Substance abuse: infant and childhood outcomes.
Substance abuse: infant and childhood outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0882-5963(98)80017-1
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D'Apolito, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D'Apolito, K
许多孩子出生的妇女谁消费药物，如酒精，可卡因，海洛因，美沙酮，大麻，和/或苯环己哌啶（PCP）在怀孕期间。因此，一些儿童在成长过程中身体和发育都有延迟。患有胎儿酒精综合征的儿童报告了生长问题，注意力缺陷障碍和其他医疗问题。在子宫内暴露于美沙酮的儿童在出生后的前2年内认知和神经功能受损。那些接触多种药物的儿童，包括可卡因和大麻，似乎在语言发展和语言技能方面有困难。其中一些缺陷在早期干预和培育环境下有所改善，但在许多情况下，这种损害在整个童年时期都在继续。由于尝试毒品发生在很小的年龄，因此与预防毒品有关的教育应当尽早开始，可能的话从学龄儿童开始。毒品预防教育需要针对具体年龄和发育情况。使用适当的药物预防战略可帮助儿童就药物使用作出正确的决定，特别是在可能发生少女怀孕的青少年时期。
Many children are born to women who consume drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methadone, marijuana, and/or phencyclidine (PCP) during pregnancy. As a result, some children are growing up with both physical and developmental delays. Children with fetal alcohol syndrome have reported problems with growth, attention deficit disorder, and other medical problems. Impaired cognitive and neurologic functioning through the first 2 years of live has been documented for children exposed to methadone while in utero. Those children exposed to polydrug use including cocaine and marijuana seem to have difficulties with language development and verbal skills. Some of these deficiencies show improvement with early intervention and a nurturing environment, but in many cases the impairment continues throughout childhood. Because experimentation with drugs occurs at an early age, education related to drug prevention should begin early, possibly with school-aged children. Drug prevention education needs to be age and developmentally specific. The use of appropriate drug prevention strategies may help children make good decisions regarding drug use, especially during the teenage years when adolescent pregnancy may occur.