Hormonal and genetic influences on processing reward and social information
Hormonal and genetic influences on processing reward and social information
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1412.007
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dreher, Jean-Claude
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caldu, Xavier;Dreher, Jean-Claude
社会神经科学是一个新兴的跨学科领域，它结合了认知、细胞和分子神经科学的工具来理解人类互动的神经机制，强调社会和生物领域中不同组织水平的互补性。以往的研究主要集中在各种复杂行为的分子/神经元基础上，如亲代行为和配对结合。在社会环境中，奖励处理和决策过程中影响个体间差异的各种因素，都依赖于多巴胺能系统，但对这些因素的了解却很少。这篇综述涉及(1)基本的电生理发现和最近的神经影像学发现，表明奖励加工和社会互动过程具有共同的神经基质；(2)遗传和激素对这些过程的影响。结合分子遗传学、内分泌学和神经影像学的最新研究表明，多巴胺相关基因和激素水平的变化会影响非人类灵长类动物多巴胺能系统的生理特性，并调节人类对奖励和社会信息的处理。这些发现很重要，因为它们表明了基因对神经病理学的影响，如药物成瘾和病理性赌博。总的来说，回顾的数据开始揭示基因、激素和奖励系统功能之间的关系，以及在社会背景下的决策，并提供了人类分子、细胞和社会认知水平之间的联系。
Social neuroscience is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines tools from cognitive, cellular, and molecular neuroscience to understand the neural mechanisms underlying human interactions, emphasizing the complementary nature of different organization levels in the social and biological domains. Previous studies focused on the molecular/neuronal substrates of a variety of complex behaviors, such as parental behavior and pair bonding. Less is known about the various factors influencing interindividual differences in reward processing and decision making in social contexts, both relying upon the dopaminergic system. This review concerns (1) basic electrophysiological findings and recent neuroimaging findings showing that reward processing and social interaction processes share common neural substrates and (2) genetic and hormonal influences on these processes. Recent research combining molecular genetics, endocrinology, and neuroimaging demonstrated that variations in dopamine-related genes and in hormone levels affect the physiological properties of the dopaminergic system in nonhuman primates and modulate the processing of reward and social information in humans. These findings are important because they indicate the neural influence of genes conferring vulnerability to develop neuropathologies such as drug addiction and pathological gambling. Taken together, the reviewed data start to unveil the relationships between genes, hormones, and the functioning of the reward system, as well as decision making in social contexts, and provide a link between molecular, cellular, and social cognitive levels in humans.