JOB STRAIN AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
JOB STRAIN AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pu.15.050194.002121
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
20.8
通讯作者：
BAKER, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SCHNALL, PL;LANDSBERGIS, PA;BAKER, D
心血管疾病（CVD）是美国死亡的主要原因，占所有死亡人数的43%（7）。原发性高血压影响多达5000万美国人（85）。吸烟、血清胆固醇、高血压、缺乏运动、超重和糖尿病已被确定为心血管疾病的危险因素，但对原发性高血压的原因仍知之甚少，一些研究传统认为心理社会压力是心血管疾病的潜在危险因素。各种模型都关注个人特征，如A型行为（94）或敌意（22，24，120），或环境压力因素，如较低的社会经济地位（SES）（15，78，92），失业（13），或社会孤立（20，43）。关于职业压力的文献主要有两种观点，一种是人与环境（PE）的匹配模型（16），另一种是Karasek的工作需求-控制或“工作压力”模型（52，58）。虽然PE拟合模型“关注个人与环境之间的相互作用”（9），但工作压力模型关注的是引发疾病的工作环境的客观特征。1985年，贝克评估了这两个模型的证据，并得出结论，工作压力模型具有更大的”预测能力”比PE拟合
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 43 percent of all deaths (7). Essential hypertension affects as many as 50 million Americans (85). Cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, and diabetes have been identified as risk factors for CVD, but the causes of essential hyper tension are still poorly understood.Several research traditions have implicated psychosocial stress as a po tential risk factor for CVD. Various models focus on personal characteristics such as Type A behavior (94) or hostility (22, 24, 120), or environmental stressors such as lower socioeconomic status (SES)(15, 78, 92), unemploy ment (13), or social isolation (20, 43). The literature on occupational stress has been dominated by two perspectives, the person-environment (PE) fit model (16) and Karasek's job demands-control or" job strain" model (52, 58). While the PE fit model" focuses on the interaction between the individual and the environment"(9), the job strain model focuses on objective features of the work environment that an trigger disease. In 1985, Baker evaluated the evidence for these two models and concluded that the job strain model has greater" predictive power" than that of the PE fit