Norms under Challenge: Unpacking the Dynamics of Norm Robustness
Norms under Challenge: Unpacking the Dynamics of Norm Robustness
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jogss/ogy041
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Zimmermann, Lisbeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deitelhoff, Nicole;Zimmermann, Lisbeth
引言部分发展了这一特刊的主要研究问题：在什么条件下，对规范的挑战可能会降低其稳健性？本文介绍了目前关于鲁棒性和范数鲁棒性的研究现状，并讨论了其局限性。我们概念化的规范的鲁棒性，通过检查实际和话语的维度。当规范的接受者对规范的主张（有效性）表示广泛的话语接受时，鲁棒性很高，这也通常指导接受者的行动（真实性）。当规范性主张被大多数受众以话语的方式拒绝，并且不能指导他们的行动时，鲁棒性就很低。这些贡献制定了四个广泛的指标来衡量稳健性（一致性，第三方对违反规范的反应，遵守和实施）。这里分析的规范并不容易被侵蚀;尽管面临直接挑战，它们仍然令人惊讶地强大。这表明规范稳健性不是由规范挑战者的相对力量决定的，而是由挑战者的类型和结构因素决定的。这些因素包括嵌入更大的规范结构、制度化和法律的特征，尽管这些因素的影响比规范研究通常假设的更为矛盾。
The introduction develops this special issue's main research question: under which conditions are challenges to norms likely to decrease their robustness? The issue presents current research on contestation and norm robustness and discusses its limitations. We conceptualize a norm's robustness by examining both the practical and discursive dimensions. Robustness is high when norm addressees express widespread discursive acceptance of a norm's claims (validity) that also generally guide addressees' actions (facticity). When normative claims are discursively rejected by most addressees and do not guide their actions, robustness is low. The contributions develop four broad indicators for measuring robustness (concordance, third-party reactions to norm violation, compliance, and implementation). The norms analyzed here were not easily eroded; despite direct challenges, they remained surprisingly robust. This indicates that norm robustness is not determined by the relative power of norm challengers, but rather types of contestation and structural factors. These include being embedded in larger normative structures, institutionalization, and legal character, although effects of these factors are more ambivalent than norm research has usually supposed.