On Sea Level Variability and Trends in United States Coastal Waters and Relationships with Climate Factors
On Sea Level Variability and Trends in United States Coastal Waters and Relationships with Climate Factors
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美国沿海水域海平面变化和趋势及其与气候因素的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
P. Gayes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Pietrafesa;S. Bao;T. Yan;Michael Slattery;P. Gayes
美国的大部分地区（美国）财产、商业和生态系统资产位于海岸或附近，因此容易受到海平面变动和变化，特别是相对上升的影响。虽然全球平均海平面（MSL）和海平面上升（SLR）是基本的考虑因素，区域平均海平面（RSL）的变化沿着美国的边界沿着两个海洋盆地是至关重要的，特别是如果季节到年度到年际变化的幅度很高。有趣的是，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）和国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）这两个机构的传统智慧都认为海平面上升的来源主要与海洋吸收和释放到大气层的热量有关，反之亦然，以及极地冰川融化和淡水输入海洋。虽然这些现象是非常重要的SLR和海平面变化（SLV），我们评估了一套气候因素和墨西哥湾流，相关性的证据，从而可能的影响，虽然因果关系超出了本研究的范围。在这项研究中，气候因素与海洋和大气的热供应商和水库进行了分析和评估，可能与海平面变化和整体趋势的可操作的规模（本地化，而不是全球规模）的相关性。结果证实，海洋和大气温度的变化和热积累的处置或缺乏，是海平面变化和上升的重要因素，而且大西洋多年代际振荡，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动，太平洋十年振荡，北极涛动，准两年振荡，北大西洋涛动，太阳辐射，西边界流-墨西哥湾流，和其他气候因素，可以有很强的相关性，甚至可能是因果关系，调节影响每月到季节到年度到年际到十年到几十年的海平面变化在社区一级。
Significant portions of the United States (U.S.) property, commerce and ecosystem assets are located at or near the coast, making them vulnerable to sea level variability and change, especially relative rises. Although global mean sea level (MSL) and sea level rise (SLR) are fundamental considerations, regional mean sea level (RSL) variability along the boundaries of U.S. along the two ocean basins are critical, particularly if the amplitudes of seasonal to annual to inter-annual variability is high. Of interest is that the conventional wisdom of the U.S. agencies, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which both contend that the sources of sea level rise are related principally to heat absorption and release by the ocean(s) to the atmosphere and vice versa, and by Polar glacier melting and freshwater input into the ocean(s). While these phenomena are of great importance to SLR and sea level variability (SLV), we assess a suite of climate factors and the Gulf Stream, for evidence of correlations and thus possible influences; though causality is beyond the scope of this study. In this study, climate factors related to oceanic and atmospheric heat purveyors and reservoirs are analyzed and assessed for possible correlations with sea level variability and overall trends on actionable scales (localized as opposed to global scale). The results confirm that oceanic and atmospheric temperature variability and the disposition of heat accumulation or the lack thereof, are important players in sea level variability and rise, but also that the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, Solar Irradiance, the Western Boundary Current-Gulf Stream, and other climate factors, can have strong correlative and perhaps even causal, modulating effects on the monthly to seasonal to annual to inter-annual to decadal to multi-decadal sea level variability at the community level.