The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points.
The luminous efficiency of rays entering the eye pupil at different points.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1933.0020
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发表时间：
1933-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crawford, BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stiles, WS;Crawford, BH
通常假设物体的视亮度与瞳孔面积成正比，即进入瞳孔并终止于物体的视网膜图像的光线的发光效率与其经过的瞳孔中的点无关。这一假设被证明是无效的，并描述了给出在不同点进入光瞳的光线的相对发光效率的测量结果。看起来，光线进入放大后的瞳孔周围，其效果只有穿过中心的光线的三分之一左右。根据不同点的发光效率数据，计算出不同直径的眼睛的总体发光效率，并通过直接测量进行校核。观察到的光效变化可能起源于眼部介质或视网膜本身。目前可用的证据不足以在这两种可能性之间做出决定。指出了该效应在光度测量和目测中的实际后果。
It is commonly assumed that the apparent brightness of an object is proportional to the pupil area, i.e., that the luminous efficiency of a ray entering the pupil and terminating on the retinal image of the object is independent of the point in the pupil through which it has passed. This assumption is shown to be invalid, and measurements are described which give the relative luminous efficiencies of rays entering the pupil at different points. It appears that rays entering near the periphery of the dilated pupil are only about one third as effective, as rays entering through the centre. From the data for the luminous efficiency at different points, the overall luminous efficiencies of eye pupils of different diameters are computed, and checked by direct measurement. The observed variations of luminous efficiency may originate in the eye media or in the retina itself. The evidence at present available is insufficient to decide between these two possibilities. Practical consequences of the effect, in photometry and visual measurements, are indicated.