Comparison group selection in the presence of rolling entry for health services research: Rolling entry matching
Comparison group selection in the presence of rolling entry for health services research: Rolling entry matching
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DOI：
10.1111/1475-6773.13086
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hoerger, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Witman, Allison;Beadles, Christopher;Hoerger, Thomas
目的探讨一种新的统计方法滚动入组匹配（REM），用于非随机干预中交错非均匀参与者入组的比较组选择。研究设置2012 - 2016年四项卫生保健创新奖（HCIA）干预措施。随着时间的推移，进入这些干预措施的HCIA参与者与在每个参与者基线期间表现出相似的医疗保健使用和支出模式的非参与者相匹配。数据提取方法医疗保险按服务收费索赔数据用于识别不参与的、按服务收费的受益人作为潜在的对照组，并进行REM。滚动条目匹配在参与者和非参与者之间观察到的特征上达到了常规可接受的平衡水平。该方法克服了干预者数量少的困难。在非随机干预中，关于干预效果的有效推断依赖于对照组作为干预组反事实案例的适用性。当参与者随时间进入时，比较组的选择是复杂的。滚动条目匹配是滚动条目干预中比较组选择的可能解决方案，对于小样本量特别有用，值得在各种情况下进一步研究。
Objective To demonstrate rolling entry matching (REM), a new statistical method, for comparison group selection in the context of staggered nonuniform participant entry in nonrandomized interventions. Study Setting Four Health Care Innovation Award (HCIA) interventions between 2012 and 2016. Study Design Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation HCIA participants entering these interventions over time were matched with nonparticipants who exhibited a similar pattern of health care use and expenditures during each participant's baseline period. Data Extraction Methods Medicare fee-for-service claims data were used to identify nonparticipating, fee-for-service beneficiaries as a potential comparison group and conduct REM. Principal Findings Rolling entry matching achieved conventionally-accepted levels of balance on observed characteristics between participants and nonparticipants. The method overcame difficulties associated with a small number of intervention entrants. Conclusions In nonrandomized interventions, valid inference regarding intervention effects relies on the suitability of the comparison group to act as the counterfactual case for the intervention group. When participants enter over time, comparison group selection is complicated. Rolling entry matching is a possible solution for comparison group selection in rolling entry interventions that is particularly useful with small sample sizes and merits further investigation in a variety of contexts.