Gene × Environment interaction and resilience: effects of child maltreatment and serotonin, corticotropin releasing hormone, dopamine, and oxytocin genes.
Gene × Environment interaction and resilience: effects of child maltreatment and serotonin, corticotropin releasing hormone, dopamine, and oxytocin genes.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579412000077
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发表时间：
2012-05
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rogosch FA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cicchetti D;Rogosch FA
在这项调查中，基因-环境相互作用的影响，在虐待和nonmaltreated低收入家庭的儿童（N = 595）的适应功能预测弹性进行了检查。弹性功能的多成分指数的推导和弹性功能的水平进行了鉴定。研究了4个基因5-HTTLPR、CRHR 1、DRD 4 - 521 C/T和OXTR的变异。在一系列的ANCOVA中，儿童虐待表现出强烈的负面主效应对儿童的弹性功能，而没有发现任何的基因型的各自的基因的主效应。然而，基因-环境相互作用涉及每个各自的基因的基因型和虐待的状态。对于每一个相应的基因，在儿童与特定的基因型，在弹性功能的相对优势相比，虐待儿童的nonmaltreated强于nonmaltreated和虐待儿童与其他基因型的相应基因。在这四个基因中，基因型的复合物更强烈地区分了非虐待儿童和虐待儿童之间的弹性功能，进一步证明了遗传变异影响非虐待儿童的弹性功能，而遗传变异对促进虐待儿童的弹性功能的影响可以忽略不计。根据虐待儿童经历的亚型数量以及虐待和忽视亚组，观察到对儿童的其他影响。最后，虐待和nonmaltreated儿童与高水平的弹性不同，他们的平均数量的差异基因型。这些结果表明，不同的弹性结果是基于基因和发展经验之间的相互作用。
In this investigation, gene-environment interaction effects in predicting resilience in adaptive functioning among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N = 595) were examined. A multi-component index of resilient functioning was derived and levels of resilient functioning were identified. Variants in four genes, 5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, DRD4 -521C/T, and OXTR, were investigated. In a series of ANCOVAs, child maltreatment demonstrated a strong negative main effect on children’s resilient functioning, whereas no main effects for any of the genotypes of the respective genes were found. However, gene-environment interactions involving genotypes of each of the respective genes and maltreatment status were obtained. For each respective gene, among children with a specific genotype, the relative advantage in resilient functioning of nonmaltreated compared to maltreated children was stronger than was the case for nonmaltreated and maltreated children with other genotypes of the respective gene. Across the four genes, a composite of the genotypes that more strongly differentiated resilient functioning between nonmaltreated and maltreated children provided further evidence of genetic variations influencing resilient functioning in nonmaltreated children, whereas genetic variation had a negligible effect on promoting resilience among maltreated children. Additional effects were observed for children based on the number of subtypes of maltreatment children experienced, as well as for abuse and neglect subgroups. Finally, maltreated and nonmaltreated children with high levels of resilience differed in their average number of differentiating genotypes. These results suggest that differential resilient outcomes are based on the interaction between genes and developmental experiences.