International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes
International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsports-2012-091296
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Engebretsen, L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergeron, M. F.;Bahr, R.;Engebretsen, L.
恶劣的环境条件，包括高温、潮湿、寒冷和海拔高度，对奥运会和其他高水平运动员的健康构成特别的风险。作为对运动员安全的进一步承诺，国际奥委会（IOC）医学委员会召集了一个专家小组，审查科学证据基础，达成共识，并强调实用的安全指导方针和新的研究重点，针对奥运会和其他国际级运动员面临的独特环境挑战。对于非水上活动，外部热负荷取决于环境温度、湿度、风速和太阳辐射，而服装和防护装备可显著增加热应变，并促使过早疲劳。在游泳者中，身体热量损失是对流的直接结果，其速率与游泳者周围的有效水速度和皮肤与水之间的温差成比例。其他寒冷的暴露和条件，如在高山滑雪，冬季两项和其他滑动运动中，促进身体热量转移到环境中，可能导致体温过低和/或冻伤;尽管这些活动期间的代谢产热通常会远远超过身体热量损失的速度，并且在某些事件中，防护服和有限的暴露时间也会降低这些临床风险。大多数体育赛事都是在几乎没有健康风险的海拔高度举行的;训练暴露通常是短暂的，耐受性良好。虽然这些和其他与环境相关的性能和安全威胁可以通过实施各种个人和事件预防措施来减少或避免，但需要更多的研究和循证指南和建议。与此同时，国际奥委会医疗委员会和国际体育联合会已经实施了新的指导方针，并采取了更多措施来进一步降低风险。
Challenging environmental conditions, including heat and humidity, cold, and altitude, pose particular risks to the health of Olympic and other high-level athletes. As a further commitment to athlete safety, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission convened a panel of experts to review the scientific evidence base, reach consensus, and underscore practical safety guidelines and new research priorities regarding the unique environmental challenges Olympic and other international-level athletes face. For non-aquatic events, external thermal load is dependent on ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation, while clothing and protective gear can measurably increase thermal strain and prompt premature fatigue. In swimmers, body heat loss is the direct result of convection at a rate that is proportional to the effective water velocity around the swimmer and the temperature difference between the skin and the water. Other cold exposure and conditions, such as during Alpine skiing, biathlon and other sliding sports, facilitate body heat transfer to the environment, potentially leading to hypothermia and/or frostbite; although metabolic heat production during these activities usually increases well above the rate of body heat loss, and protective clothing and limited exposure time in certain events reduces these clinical risks as well. Most athletic events are held at altitudes that pose little to no health risks; and training exposures are typically brief and well-tolerated. While these and other environment-related threats to performance and safety can be lessened or averted by implementing a variety of individual and event preventative measures, more research and evidence-based guidelines and recommendations are needed. In the mean time, the IOC Medical Commission and International Sport Federations have implemented new guidelines and taken additional steps to mitigate risk even further.