Beyond demand management: co-managing energy and water practices with Australian households
Beyond demand management: co-managing energy and water practices with Australian households
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超越需求管理：与澳大利亚家庭共同管理能源和水实践
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Y. Strengers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Strengers
本文件强调了主要的需求管理方案中根深蒂固的问题和假设，这些方案旨在解决家庭能源消费不稳定、城市缺水和电力需求峰值增加等问题。它首先强调了能源和水生产与看似独立的消费领域之间的问题鸿沟。这种划分没有考虑到消费是如何影响资源生产和供应的，以及资源生产和供应是如何影响消费的。本文认为，通过关注资源的个人消费，需求管理者忽视了资源消耗的日常实践的变化动态，如洗澡，洗衣，加热和冷却。这是有问题的，因为这些做法正在继续转变和变化，往往是朝着更消耗资源、更昂贵和更破坏环境的方向，可能抵消通过需求管理方案和政策实现的资源节约。为了解决这些疏忽，本文提出了一种替代资源管理范式，它汇集了共同管理和社会实践理论的概念链。通过将重点从共同管理资源转移到共同管理日常实践，出现了一系列新的变革机会。本文介绍了这一新模式的核心概念、方法和战略，并将其与需求管理方法进行了对比。变革的途径包括关注需求的“中介”（水龙头、淋浴、电器等），住房的物质基础设施、合作拥有和/或管理的资源系统，开展运动，鼓励新的文化习俗或在一些可变定价方案期间建立的合作伙伴关系。然而，该文件警告说，向这一新的范式过渡需要迫切的研究和政策关注。报告最后提出了一项研究议程，旨在强调继续忽视生产和消费之间关系的复杂性，以及试图弥合这一鸿沟的共同管理办法的好处。
This paper highlights the problems and assumptions ingrained in dominant demand-management programmes designed to address issues of erratic household energy consumption, urban water shortages and increasing peak electricity demand. It begins by highlighting the problematic divide between energy and water production and the seemingly separate sphere of consumption. This divide fails to consider the ways in which consumption shapes, and is shaped by, resource production and provision. The paper argues that, by focusing on the individual consumption of resources, demand managers overlook the changing dynamics of everyday practices for which resources are consumed, such as bathing, laundering, heating and cooling. This is problematic because these practices are continuing to shift and change, often in more resource-consuming, expensive and environmentally damaging directions, potentially negating the resource savings achieved through demand-management programmes and policies. To address these oversights, this paper proposes an alternative resource management paradigm which brings together the conceptual strands of co-management and social practice theory. By shifting emphasis away from co-managing resources and onto co-managing day-to-day practices, a range of new opportunities for change emerge. The paper presents the concepts, methodologies and strategies central to this new paradigm and contrasts these with demand-management approaches. Avenues for change include focusing on the ‘intermediaries’ of demand (taps, showers, appliances, etc.), the material infrastructure of housing, co-operatively owned and/or managed resource systems, campaigns to instigate new cultural practices or collaborative partnerships established during some variable pricing programmes. However, the paper warns that making the transition towards this new paradigm requires urgent research and policy attention. It concludes by proposing a research agenda which aims to highlight both the complications in continuing to ignore the relationship between production and consumption, and the benefits of co-management approaches which attempt to bridge this divide.