Mechanisms of action of disinfectants
Mechanisms of action of disinfectants
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DOI：
10.1016/s0964-8305(98)00023-7
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Stewart, GSAB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denyer, SP;Stewart, GSAB
消毒剂和杀生剂是一组化学上不同的制剂，通常被认为具有较差的选择性毒性。然而，这不应被误认为靶标特异性差，而且关于细菌细胞和消毒剂之间可能出现的破坏性相互作用，现在已知很多。这些相互作用的关键控制特征是化学剂的物理化学特征、细胞形态和微生物的生理状态。抗菌事件包括膜破裂、大分子功能障碍和代谢抑制；其后果取决于靶标(S)对微生物细胞生存的相对贡献(S)以及可能启动的自毁过程。消毒动力学提供了一种区分物理化学和化学相互作用的方法。日益苛刻的消毒剂应用要求使用更复杂的杀生系统。方法包括：药物组合，其中作用机制的知识有助于设计最佳混合物；杀菌剂在细胞内传递，使用细胞转运过程来克服细胞屏障；以及从传递系统定向捐赠杀菌剂，需要了解目标反应。消毒机制的知识为开发新的化学和协同组合提供了基础。(C)1998爱思唯尔科学有限公司。保留所有权利。
Disinfectants and biocides are a chemically diverse group of agents which are generally considered to exhibit poor selective toxicity. This should not be mistaken for poor target specificity, however, and much is now known concerning the damaging interactions which may arise between bacterial cell and disinfectant agent. Critical governing features of these interactions are the physicochemical characteristics of the chemical agent, cell morphology, and the physiological status of the microorganism. Antibacterial events include membrane disruption, macromolecule dysfunction, and metabolic inhibition; the consequential effect is determined by the relative contribution(s) of the target(s) to microbial cell survival and the possible initiation of self-destructive processes. Disinfection kinetics offer a measure to differentiate between physiochemical and chemical interactions.Increasingly demanding disinfectant applications require more sophisticated use of biocidal systems. Approaches include: agents in combination, whereby a knowledge of mechanism of action assists in designing optimal mixtures; intracellular biocide delivery, using cellular transport processes to overcome cellular barriers; and targeted donation of biocide from delivery systems, requiring an understanding of target reactivity.A knowledge of disinfection mechanisms provides a basis from which novel chemistries and synergistic combinations may be developed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.