Knockout of a single Sox gene resurrects an ancestral cell type in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.
Knockout of a single Sox gene resurrects an ancestral cell type in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.
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敲除单个 Sox 基因可以使海葵 Nematostella vectensis 的祖先细胞类型复活。
DOI：
10.1101/2021.09.30.462561
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Babonis, L.S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Babonis, L.S.
线虫细胞是一种爆炸性的刺细胞，只有在线虫(珊瑚、水母等)中才有。核细胞专门用于捕获和防御猎物，形态复杂，在不同类群的形式和功能上差异很大；这种多样性是如何进化的尚不清楚。利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑在穴居海葵中进行，我们发现一个单一的转录因子(NvSox2)在两种不同的海葵细胞命运之间起着二元开关的作用。NvSox2基因敲除导致线虫细胞(穿孔细胞)完全转化为螺旋体细胞(诱捕细胞)。NvSox2基因敲除(健壮的螺旋细胞)诱导的螺旋细胞类型在正常情况下是不存在的。但在其他栖息地的海葵中也很常见。对细胞命运的同源同源控制提供了一种机制上的解释，解释了细胞类型在线虫之间不连续的分布，并证明了简单的细胞类型计数可能低估了生物多样性。
Cnidocytes are the explosive stinging cells found only in cnidarians (corals, jellyfish, etc). Specialized for prey capture and defense, cnidocytes are morphologically complex and vary widely in form and function across taxa; how such diversity evolved is unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the burrowing sea anemoneNematostella vectensis, we show that a single transcription factor (NvSox2) acts as a binary switch between two alternative cnidocyte fates. Knockout ofNvSox2caused a complete transformation of nematocytes (piercing cells) into spirocytes (ensnaring cells). The type of spirocyte induced byNvSox2knockout (robust spirocyte) is not normally found inN. vectensisbut is common in sea anemones from other habitats. Homeotic control of cell fate provides a mechanistic explanation for the discontinuous distribution of cnidocyte types across cnidarians and demonstrates how simple counts of cell types can underestimate biodiversity.