Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas
Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas
复制标题
野生山地大猩猩意外的陆地手势多样性
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23404
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Almécija, Sergio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thompson, Nathan E.;Ostrofsky, Kelly R.;McFarlin, Shannon C.;Robbins, Martha M.;Stoinski, Tara S.;Almécija, Sergio
目的大猩猩，沿着黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩，被普遍描述为“指关节行走者”。因此，指关节行走（KW）在人类前两足运动行为的假设和猿类运动行为的进化中具有突出的特征。然而，轶事和行为的帐户表明，山地大猩猩可能利用更复杂的剧目的手姿势，这可能会改变目前的解释非洲猿运动及其在人类两足动物的出现。在这里，我们记录了野生山地大猩猩在陆地运动过程中的手部姿势，以调查KW和其他手部姿势在野外的使用频率。材料和方法使用多个高速摄像机记录了在Bwindi Impenetrable国家公园（乌干达）和火山国家公园（卢旺达）的77只习惯性山地大猩猩的陆地运动。结果我们捕获了8%的手部接触的高速视频。占世界山地大猩猩总数的三分之一我们的研究结果显示，这些大猩猩中有近40%使用“非KW”手部姿势，这些手部姿势占所有手部接触的15%。其中一些“非KW”的手姿势从来没有记录在大猩猩，但匹配的手姿势以前确定在orangutans.DiscussionThese结果突出了一个以前未被认识到的水平的手姿势的多样性大猩猩，也许大猩猩一般。虽然目前在较低的频率比KW，我们认为，拥有多种多样的，多才多艺的手的姿势存在于野生山地大猩猩可能代表了非洲猿和人类的分支（甚至大猿分支），而不是KW本身的共同特点。
ObjectivesGorillas, along with chimpanzees and bonobos, are ubiquitously described as ‘knuckle‐walkers.’ Consequently, knuckle‐walking (KW) has been featured pre‐eminently in hypotheses of the pre‐bipedal locomotor behavior of hominins and in the evolution of locomotor behavior in apes. However, anecdotal and behavioral accounts suggest that mountain gorillas may utilize a more complex repertoire of hand postures, which could alter current interpretations of African ape locomotion and its role in the emergence of human bipedalism. Here we documented hand postures during terrestrial locomotion in wild mountain gorillas to investigate the frequency with which KW and other hand postures are utilized in the wild.Materials and methodsMultiple high‐speed cameras were used to record bouts of terrestrial locomotion of 77 habituated mountain gorillas at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda) and Volcanoes National Park (Rwanda).ResultsWe captured high‐speed video of hand contacts in 8% of the world's population of mountain gorillas. Our results reveal that nearly 40% of these gorillas used “non‐KW” hand postures, and these hand postures constituted 15% of all hand contacts. Some of these “non‐KW” hand postures have never been documented in gorillas, yet match hand postures previously identified in orangutans.DiscussionThese results highlight a previously unrecognized level of hand postural diversity in gorillas, and perhaps great apes generally. Although present at lower frequencies than KW, we suggest that the possession of multiple, versatile hand postures present in wild mountain gorillas may represent a shared feature of the African ape and human clade (or even great ape clade) rather than KWper se.