Thinking Mindfully: How Mindfulness Relates to Rumination and Reflection in Daily Life
Thinking Mindfully: How Mindfulness Relates to Rumination and Reflection in Daily Life
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DOI：
10.1037/emo0000659
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Brose, Annette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanke, Elisabeth S.;Schmidt, Mirjam J.;Brose, Annette
正念是一种觉知状态，包括专注于当下的注意力和一种不加评判的立场。它与情感幸福感有关，并被认为有助于适应性情绪调节。为了在个人层面上支持这一观点，我们利用两项经验抽样(ESM)研究的数据，调查了正念的两个方面(当下注意力和非评判接受)、两种适应性不同的情绪调节策略(沉思和反思)以及日常生活中积极和消极影响之间的关系。研究一包括N=70名学生，他们平均完成54个提示。研究二包括N=179名中年成年人，他们平均完成69个提示。这两项研究的结果高度一致：正念方面的非评判接受与较少的同时沉思有更强的相关性，而正念方面的当下注意力与更多的同时反思有关。正如预测的那样，在预测情感变化时，正念的两个方面都与沉思相互作用。当个体处于更专注的状态时，沉思与消极情绪的增加没有那么强烈的关联，与积极情绪的减少也没有那么强烈的关联。然而，在预测情感变化时，正念与反思以一种意想不到的方式相互作用：在非评判性接受的较高水平上，反思不再与情感变化联系在一起。总而言之，这些结果表明，情绪调节策略可以或多或少地适应于正念的水平。他们还与正念抑制不适应情绪调节及其对情感幸福感的影响这一观点一致。
Mindfulness is a state of awareness comprising an attentional focus on the present moment and a nonjudgmental stance. It is associated with affective well-being and assumed to facilitate adaptive emotion regulation. To support this claim at the within-person level, we investigated associations between 2 mindfulness facets (present-moment attention and nonjudgmental acceptance), 2 emotionregulation strategies varying in adaptiveness (rumination and reflection), and positive and negative affect in everyday life using data from 2 experience-sampling (ESM) studies. Study 1 consisted of N = 70 students who completed 54 prompts on average. Study 2 consisted of N = 179 middle-aged adults who completed 69 prompts on average. Results from both studies were highly consistent: The mindfulness facet nonjudgmental acceptance was more strongly related to less concurrent rumination, whereas the mindfulness facet present-moment attention was related to more concurrent reflection. As predicted, both mindfulness facets interacted with rumination in the prediction of changes in affect. When individuals were in a more mindful state, rumination was less strongly associated with increases in negative affect, and was less strongly associated with decreases in positive affect. However, mindfulness interacted with reflection in the prediction of changes in affect in an unexpected way: At higher levels of nonjudgmental acceptance, reflection was no longer associated with changes in affect. Together, these results suggest that emotion regulation strategies can be more or less adaptive depending on the level of mindfulness. They also accord with the proposal that mindfulness inhibits maladaptive emotion regulation and its impact on affective well-being.