Force transmission via axial tendons in undulating fish: a dynamic analysis
Force transmission via axial tendons in undulating fish: a dynamic analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00211-8
复制
发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Root, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, JH;Adcock, B;Root, RG
体内肌肉轴向应变的声速测量表明，除金枪鱼外，所有鱼类的游泳体都像一根均匀连续的梁一样弯曲。这种简单的梁状行为令人惊讶，因为潜在的肌腱结构，肌肉结构和行为是复杂的。鉴于这种不一致，我们的目标是了解各种肌隔肌腱的机械作用。我们模拟了南瓜籽太阳鱼，Lepomis gibbosus，使用实验衍生的物理和机械属性，从休息中游泳，稳定的肌肉活动。根据目前的形态学知识，轴向肌肉肌腱、横向和轴向肌间隔肌腱相互作用，以复制力和矩的分布。结合与肌肉激活相关的动态刚度和阻尼，真实的肌肉力产生和肌腱几何形状下的力分布。脊柱由。由关节连接的11个刚性椎骨，这些关节将弯曲限制在侧面，并赋予身体被动粘弹性。在对身体在无粘性流体中的加速度及其通过脊柱的内部力矩传递的反应中，该模型预测了运动学响应。仅改变肌腱几何形状和刚度，运行四种不同的模拟。只有节段内肌腱的模拟产生不稳定的轴向和侧向尾力和身体运动。只有包含节段内和节段间肌腱、肌肉增强的节段刚度和加强的尾端关节的模拟才能在尾部产生稳定且较大的侧向和轴向力。因此，该模型预测，轴向肌腱在肌粒内的功能是：(1)将轴向力转换为力矩（力矩转导），(2)在相邻的肌隔之间传递轴向力。（节段耦合），并且，在节段之间，(3)分配轴向力（夹带力），(4)弯曲时加强关节（弯曲加强）。事实上，这四个功能都需要产生最真实的游泳运动，这表明轴向肌腱对于鱼的简单的梁状行为是必不可少的。(C) 2002爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Sonomicrometrics of in vivo axial strain of muscle has shown that the swimming fish body bends like a homogenous, continuous beam in all species except tuna. This simple beam-like behavior is surprising because the underlying tendon structure, muscle structure and behavior are complex. Given this incongruence, our goal was to understand the mechanical role of various myoseptal tendons. We modeled a pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, using experimentally-derived physical and mechanical attributes, swimming from rest with steady muscle activity. Axially oriented muscle-tendons, transverse and axial myoseptal tendons, as suggested by current morphological knowledge, interacted to replicate the force and moment distribution. Dynamic stiffness and damping associated with muscle activation, realistic muscle force generation, and force distribution following tendon geometry were, incorporated. The vertebral column consisted of .11 rigid vertebrae connected by joints that restricted bending to the lateral plane and endowed the body with its passive viscoelasticity. In reaction to the acceleration of the body in an inviscid fluid and its internal transmission of moment via the vertebral column, the model predicted the kinematic response. Varying only tendon geometry and stiffness, four different simulations were run. Simulations with only intrasegmental tendons produced unstable axial and lateral tail forces and body motions. Only the simulation that included both intra- and intersegmental tendons, muscle-enhanced segment stiffness, and a stiffened caudal joint produced stable and large lateral and axial forces at the tail. Thus this model predicts that axial tendons function within a myomere to (1) convert axial force to moment (moment transduction), (2) transmit axial forces between adjacent myosepta. (segment coupling), and, intersegmentally, to (3) distribute axial forces (force entrainment), and (4) stiffen joints in bending (flexural stiffening). The fact that all four functions are needed to produce the most realistic swimming motions suggests that axial tendons are essential to the simple beam-like behavior of fish. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.