Use of cyanobacteria for in-situ resource use in space applications
Use of cyanobacteria for in-situ resource use in space applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pss.2010.05.005
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Cockell, Charles S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olsson-Francis, Karen;Cockell, Charles S.
其他行星体（例如月球和火星）的风化层富含无机元素，可用于太空应用。能够利用岩石作为生长基质并促进元素提取的石营养微生物是原位资源利用的理想候选者。特别令人感兴趣的是蓝藻，它已被建议用于氧气、燃料和生物质生产、营养物获取和原料供应等应用。在这项研究中，Gloeocapsa 菌株 OU_20，从暴露于低地球轨道的岩石居住群落中分离出来； Leptolyngbya 菌株 OU_13 和 Phomidium 菌株 OU_10，均从暴露于火星模拟条件的岩石栖息群落中分离出来；色球虫属029；钝顶节旋藻：细长聚球藻：和圆柱鱼腥藻，被检查为空间原位资源利用的潜在生物体。火山岩，包括类似于火星和月球玄武岩的玄武岩（SiO(2)含量低）、流纹岩（SiO(2)含量高）和类似于月球风化层的斜长岩被用作生长基质。流纹岩的生长速率和岩石溶解明显较低，这表明二氧化硅含量在确定原位资源利用潜力方面的重要性。生物风化导致岩石基质中释放出生物必需元素，凸显了蓝藻在其他行星上的生物采矿和营养获取等应用的潜力。 A. cylindrica 在三种岩石类型中产生的生物量最大，并且在玄武岩中获得了最佳值。暴露实验表明，A. cylindrica、Chroococcidiopsis 029、Gloeocapsa 菌株 OU_20、Phormidium 菌株 OU_10 和 Leptolyngbya 菌株 OU_13 能够在暴露于干燥和火星模拟条件下存活 28 天，这有利于系统故障和储存。这项研究的结果表明，蓝藻有可能用于原位行星资源获取。 (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The regolith of other planetary bodies, such as the Moon and Mars, is rich in inorganic elements that could potentially be exploited for space applications. Lithotrophic microorganisms that are capable of utilising rocks as a growth substrate, and facilitate the extraction of elements, are ideal candidates for in-situ resource use. Of particular interest are the cyanobacteria, which have been suggested for applications, such as oxygen, fuel and biomass production, nutrient acquisition, and feedstock provisions. In this study, Gloeocapsa strain OU_20, isolated from a rock-dwelling community exposed to low Earth orbit; Leptolyngbya strain OU_13 and Phormidium strain OU_10, both isolated from a rock-dwelling community exposed to Mars simulated conditions; Chroococcidiopsis 029; Arthrospira platensis: Synechococcus elongatus: and Anabaena cylindrica, were examined as potential organisms for space in-situ resource use. Volcanic rocks, including basalt (low in SiO(2)) analogous to martian and lunar basalt, rhyolite (high in SiO(2)), and anorthosite analogous to lunar regolith were used as growth substrates. The growth rate and rock dissolution were significantly lower with rhyolite demonstrating the importance of silica content in defining the potential for in-situ resource use. Biological weathering resulted in the release of bio-essential elements from the rock matrix, highlighting the potential of cyanobacteria for applications such as bio-mining and nutrient acquisition, on other planets. A. cylindrica produced the maximum biomass with the three rock-types and the optimal value was obtained with the basalt. Exposure experiments demonstrated that A. cylindrica, Chroococcidiopsis 029, Gloeocapsa strain OU_20, Phormidium strain OU_10, and Leptolyngbya strain OU_13 were able to survive 28 days of exposure to desiccation and Mars simulated conditions, which is beneficial in case of system malfunction and for storage. The results from this study indicate that cyanobacteria can potentially be used for in-situ planetary resource acquisition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.