Larval source management for malaria control in Africa: myths and reality.
Larval source management for malaria control in Africa: myths and reality.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-10-353
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发表时间：
2011-12-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lindsay SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fillinger U;Lindsay SW
随着疟疾在许多非洲国家的减少，人们越来越认识到，需要在针对室内成蚊的长效浸渍蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒等一线病媒控制工具中增加新的干预措施。幼虫源管理（LSM）提供了双重好处，不仅减少了进入房屋的蚊子数量，而且重要的是，还减少了那些在户外叮咬的蚊子。大规模的LSM是20世纪上半叶控制疟疾的一种非常有效的方法，但后来基本上被废除，取而代之的是含滴滴涕的IRS。今天，LSM继续用于北美和欧洲的大规模灭蚊方案，但最近才在当代非洲的几个疟疾控制试验中进行测试。这些试验的结果表明，在蚊子幼虫栖息地被确定的环境中，手用杀幼虫剂可以减少70-90%的传播，但在栖息地如此广泛以至于不能步行覆盖所有栖息地的情况下，例如经历严重洪水的地区，这种方法在很大程度上无效。重要的是，最近的证据表明，LSM可以是一种有效的疟疾控制方法，特别是与长效驱虫蚊帐结合使用时。然而，有一些误解甚至神话阻碍了主要国际机构对LSM的宣传和疟疾控制方案对LSM的接受。许多人认为，最小二乘方法在非洲是不可行的，因为冈比亚按蚊有大量的小型和临时幼虫栖息地，很难找到和及时处理。人们经常引用罗斯-麦克唐纳模型来加强幼虫控制无效的观点。本文挑战的概念，LSM不能成功地用于疟疾控制在非洲的传播环境中，突出历史和最近的成功，讨论其潜力的综合病媒管理方法致力于消除疟疾和批判性地审查最常见的论点，用于反对通过LSM。
As malaria declines in many African countries there is a growing realization that new interventions need to be added to the front-line vector control tools of long-lasting impregnated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) that target adult mosquitoes indoors. Larval source management (LSM) provides the dual benefits of not only reducing numbers of house-entering mosquitoes, but, importantly, also those that bite outdoors. Large-scale LSM was a highly effective method of malaria control in the first half of the twentieth century, but was largely disbanded in favour of IRS with DDT. Today LSM continues to be used in large-scale mosquito abatement programmes in North America and Europe, but has only recently been tested in a few trials of malaria control in contemporary Africa. The results from these trials show that hand-application of larvicides can reduce transmission by 70-90% in settings where mosquito larval habitats are defined but is largely ineffectual where habitats are so extensive that not all of them can be covered on foot, such as areas that experience substantial flooding. Importantly recent evidence shows that LSM can be an effective method of malaria control, especially when combined with LLINs. Nevertheless, there are a number of misconceptions or even myths that hamper the advocacy for LSM by leading international institutions and the uptake of LSM by Malaria Control Programmes. Many argue that LSM is not feasible in Africa due to the high number of small and temporary larval habitats for Anopheles gambiae that are difficult to find and treat promptly. Reference is often made to the Ross-Macdonald model to reinforce the view that larval control is ineffective. This paper challenges the notion that LSM cannot be successfully used for malaria control in African transmission settings by highlighting historical and recent successes, discussing its potential in an integrated vector management approach working towards malaria elimination and critically reviewing the most common arguments that are used against the adoption of LSM.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Castro MC;Tsuruta A;Kanamori S;Kannady K;Mkude S
通讯作者：
Mkude S
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.725
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Bousema, Teun;Drakeley, Chris;Gosling, Roly
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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Novak, Robert J.