Dopamine Neurons Encoding Long-Term Memory of Object Value for Habitual Behavior.
Dopamine Neurons Encoding Long-Term Memory of Object Value for Habitual Behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.063
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发表时间：
2015-11-19
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Hikosaka O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim HF;Ghazizadeh A;Hikosaka O
多巴胺神经元通过处理最近奖励值的变化来促进学习，从而使奖励最大化。然而，这种灵活的信号并不适合无论奖励结果最近如何变化都持续存在的习惯行为。我们在猴子黑质致密部（SNc）中发现了一种多巴胺神经元，它可以稳定地保留过去学习的奖励值。在学习了视觉对象的奖励值后，即使没有预期奖励，这些神经元也会继续对对象做出不同的反应。通过重复学习可以加强反应，并且在学习完成后很长时间内通过呈现物体来唤起反应。这些“维持型”多巴胺神经元局限于尾侧 SNc 并投射到尾状尾部，尾状尾部编码视觉对象的长期价值记忆，并自动引导目光注视稳定价值的物体。因此，这群多巴胺神经元选择性地促进习惯行为的学习和保留。
Dopamine neurons promote learning by processing recent changes in reward values, such that reward may be maximized. However, such a flexible signal is not suitable for habitual behaviors that are sustained regardless of recent changes in reward outcome. We discovered a type of dopamine neuron in the monkey substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that retains past-learned reward values stably. After reward values of visual objects are learned, these neurons continue to respond differentially to the objects, even when reward is not expected. Responses are strengthened by repeated learning and are evoked upon presentation of the objects long after learning is completed. These “sustain-type” dopamine neurons are confined to the caudal-lateral SNc and project to the caudate tail, which encodes long-term value memories of visual objects and guides gaze automatically to stably valued objects. This population of dopamine neurons thus selectively promotes learning and retention of habitual behavior.