CULTURAL VARIATION IN UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM - DOES THE WEST FEEL MORE INVULNERABLE THAN THE EAST
CULTURAL VARIATION IN UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM - DOES THE WEST FEEL MORE INVULNERABLE THAN THE EAST
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.595
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
LEHMAN, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HEINE, SJ;LEHMAN, DR
对加拿大人（一种典型的独立自我解释的文化）和日本人（一种典型的相互依赖的自我解释的文化）的不切实际的乐观水平进行了比较。在两项研究中，加拿大人比日本人表现出更多不切实际的乐观情绪，而且加拿大人的乐观偏见与感知到的威胁更密切相关。研究2显示，日本人对于那些对相互依赖的自我构成特别威胁的事件更加不抱不切实际的乐观态度。作者认为，自我增强的偏见（例如不切实际的乐观主义）在很大程度上不存在于日本人的动机清单中，因为自我增强所带来的对个人的关注在相互依存的文化中并不被重视。
Levels of unrealistic optimism were compared for Canadians (a culture typical of an independent construal of self) and Japanese (a culture typical of an interdependent construal of self). Across 2 studies, Canadians showed significantly more unrealistic optimism than Japanese, and Canadians' optimism bias was more strongly related to perceived threat. Study 2 revealed that Japanese were even less unrealistically optimistic for events that were particularly threatening to interdependent selves. The authors suggest that self-enhancing biases( such as unrealistic optimism) are, for the most part, absent from the motivational repertoire of the Japanese because the consequent attention to the individual that self-enhancement engenders is not valued in interdependent cultures.