Understanding (with) Toy Models
Understanding (with) Toy Models
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DOI：
10.1093/bjps/axx005
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发表时间：
2018-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Reutlinger;D. Hangleiter;S. Hartmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Reutlinger;D. Hangleiter;S. Hartmann
玩具模型是高度理想化和极其简单的模型。尽管玩具模型在科学学科中无处不在，但在科学哲学中，玩具模型却是一个令人惊讶的被低估的主题。关于玩具模型的主要哲学难题涉及玩具建模的认知目标是什么。回答这个问题的一个有希望的建议是声称玩具模型的认知目标是为科学家提供理解。这篇文章的目的是准确地阐明和捍卫这一主张。特别是，我们将区分自主和嵌入式玩具模型，然后认为，自主玩具模型的重要例子有时是最好的解释，以提供如何可能的理解，而嵌入式玩具模型产生如何实际的理解，如果某些条件得到满足。1介绍2嵌入式和自主玩具模型2.1嵌入式玩具模型2.2自主玩具模型2.3资格3玩具模型的理解理论3.1分类和要求3.2精炼的简单视图4玩具模型的两种理解4.1嵌入式玩具模型和如何实际理解4.2反对如何-实际上解释所有自主玩具模型4.3如何-5结论1介绍2嵌入式和自主玩具模型2.1嵌入式玩具模型2.2自主玩具模型2.3资格认证2.1嵌入式玩具模型2.2自主玩具模型2.3资格3玩具模型的理解理论3.1分类和要求3.2精炼的简单视图3.1分类和要求3.2精炼的简单视图4玩具模型的两种理解4.1嵌入式玩具模型和如何实际理解4.2反对对所有自主玩具模型的如何实际解释4.3如何-4.1嵌入式玩具模型和如何实际理解4.2反对所有自主玩具模型的如何实际解释4.3一些自主玩具模型的如何可能解释5结论
Toy models are highly idealized and extremely simple models. Although they are omnipresent across scientific disciplines, toy models are a surprisingly under-appreciated subject in the philosophy of science. The main philosophical puzzle regarding toy models concerns what the epistemic goal of toy modelling is. One promising proposal for answering this question is the claim that the epistemic goal of toy models is to provide individual scientists with understanding. The aim of this article is to precisely articulate and to defend this claim. In particular, we will distinguish between autonomous and embedded toy models, and then argue that important examples of autonomous toy models are sometimes best interpreted to provide how-possibly understanding, while embedded toy models yield how-actually understanding, if certain conditions are satisfied. 1 Introduction 2 Embedded and Autonomous Toy Models 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 3 A Theory of Understanding for Toy Models 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 4 Two Kinds of Understanding with Toy Models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 5 Conclusion 1 Introduction 2 Embedded and Autonomous Toy Models 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 2.1 Embedded toy models 2.2 Autonomous toy models 2.3 Qualification 3 A Theory of Understanding for Toy Models 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 3.1 Preliminaries and requirements 3.2 The refined simple view 4 Two Kinds of Understanding with Toy Models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 4.1 Embedded toy models and how-actually understanding 4.2 Against a how-actually interpretation of all autonomous toy models 4.3 The how-possibly interpretation of some autonomous toy models 5 Conclusion