Toward a geography of personality traits - Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures
Toward a geography of personality traits - Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures
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DOI：
10.1177/0022022103260382
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
McCrae, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allik, J;McCrae, RR
长期以来，人们一直认为性格特征因地理位置而异，但很少有研究考察世界范围内的性格分布。使用人格的五因素模型-一个全面的和显然普遍的特质结构-我们进行了二次分析的数据来自36个文化。距赤道的距离和平均气温与人格因素没有显著相关。然而，聚类分析表明，地理上接近的文化往往有相似的配置文件，和多维尺度显示了明显的对比，欧洲和美洲的文化与亚洲和非洲的文化。大学生的外向性和经验开放性较高，宜人性较低。第二个维度反映了心理适应的差异。观察到的文化差异可能是基因库或文化特征差异的结果;文化适应研究和其他自然实验的分析需要了解人格特征的地理差异的起源。
It has long been believed that personality traits vary by geographical location, but few studies have examined the worldwide distribution of personality profiles. Using the five-factor model of personality-a comprehensive and apparently universal trait structure-we conducted secondary analyses of data from 36 cultures. Distance from the equator and mean temperature were not meaningfully related to personality factors. However, cluster analysis showed that geographically proximate cultures often have similar profiles, and multidimensional scaling showed a clear contrast of European and American cultures with Asian and African cultures. The former were higher in extraversion and openness to experience and lower in agreeableness. A second dimension reflected differences in psychological adjustment. Observed differences between cultures may be the result of differences in gene pools or in features of culture; acculturation studies and the analyses of other natural experiments are needed to understand the origins of geographical differences in personality traits.