One grammar or two? Sign Languages and the Nature of Human Language.
One grammar or two? Sign Languages and the Nature of Human Language.
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.1297
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Gajewski, Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lillo-Martin, Diane C.;Gajewski, Jon
语言学研究已经确定了似乎所有语言都共享的抽象属性——这些属性可以被认为是定义特征。近几十年来，人们认识到人类语言不仅存在于口头形式中，而且还存在于手语形式中，这导致人们重新考虑其中一些潜在的语言共性。在很大程度上，手语的语言分析得出这样的结论：语言的普遍特征可以在足够抽象的水平上表述，以包括口语和手语形式的语言。例如，两种形式的语言都显示子词汇和短语级别的层次结构以及递归规则应用。然而，这并不意味着手语和口语之间基于情态的差异是微不足道的。在本文中，我们根据一个首要问题考虑了情态效应的几个候选领域：手语和口语是否受到相同的抽象语法约束，或者手语情况是否需要本质上不同的语法概念？我们根据空间的使用、象似性以及语言表达中同时性的可能性来研究语言类型之间的差异。手语的纳入确实支持人类语言概念的某种拓宽——以同样适用于口语的方式。尽管如此，总体结论是，无论表达方式如何，都有一种语法适用于人类语言。
Linguistic research has identified abstract properties that seem to be shared by all languages—such properties may be considered defining characteristics. In recent decades, the recognition that human language is found not only in the spoken modality but also in the form of sign languages has led to a reconsideration of some of these potential linguistic universals. In large part, the linguistic analysis of sign languages has led to the conclusion that universal characteristics of language can be stated at an abstract enough level to include languages in both spoken and signed modalities. For example, languages in both modalities display hierarchical structure at sub-lexical and phrasal level, and recursive rule application. However, this does not mean that modality-based differences between signed and spoken languages are trivial. In this article, we consider several candidate domains for modality effects, in light of the overarching question: are signed and spoken languages subject to the same abstract grammatical constraints, or is a substantially different conception of grammar needed for the sign language case? We look at differences between language types based on the use of space, iconicity, and the possibility for simultaneity in linguistic expression. The inclusion of sign languages does support some broadening of the conception of human language—in ways that are applicable for spoken languages as well. Still, the overall conclusion is that one grammar applies for human language, no matter the modality of expression.
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影响因子：
2.1
作者：
FRISHBERG, N
通讯作者：
FRISHBERG, N
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
HAIMAN, J
通讯作者：
HAIMAN, J
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Johnston, Trevor
通讯作者：
Johnston, Trevor
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Cormier, Kearsy;Schembri, Adam;Woll, Bencie
通讯作者：
Woll, Bencie
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Klamer, M
通讯作者：
Klamer, M