How do monkeys look at faces?
How do monkeys look at faces?
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.611
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发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Albright, TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nahm, FKD;Perret, A;Albright, TD
面部展示是灵长类动物社会交流的一种重要形式。人眼对人脸图像的观察模式的时空特征是人脸信息传递的线索。本研究比较了4只恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）的观看模式，以一组1和3秒的视频片段的同种面部显示，其中包括张嘴威胁，嘴唇拍打，打哈欠，恐惧鬼脸，和中性的配置文件。使用静态和动态视频图像。静态人脸显示张开嘴的威胁，微笑，和中立的姿态也提出了。用手术植入的眼球线圈记录眼球位置。通过分析静态和动态演示过程中与每个特征相关的眼动数量，确定了眼睛、中脸和嘴在不同表情手势中的相对感知显著性。结果表明，运动并没有显着影响的观看模式，以表达面部显示，当给予选择，猴子花了相对大量的时间检查的脸，特别是眼睛，而不是周围的脸。面部表情的表达性质也影响了观看模式，即威胁和恐惧相关的显示引起的观看模式，不同于在提交相关的面部显示记录。从这些结果中，我们得出以下结论：（1）面部视觉观察模式的最重要决定因素是容貌特征及其配置的星座，而不是面部运动;（2）眼睛通常是最显著的面部特征;（3）表情性面部显示的竞争或亲和维度可以根据观察模式来划定。
Facial displays are an important form of social communication in nonhuman primates. Clues to the information conveyed by faces are the temporal and spatial characteristics of ocular viewing patterns to facial images. The present study compares viewing patterns of four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to a set of 1- and 3-sec video segments of conspecific facial displays, which included open-mouth threat, lip-smack, yawn, fear-grimace, and neutral profile. Both static and dynamic video images were used. Static human faces displaying open-mouth threat, smile, and neutral gestures were also presented. Eye position was recorded with a surgically implanted eye-coil. The relative perceptual salience of the eyes, the midface, and the mouth across different expressive gestures was determined by analyzing the number of eye movements associated with each feature during static and dynamic presentations. The results indicate that motion does not significantly affect the viewing patterns to expressive facial displays, and when given a choice, monkeys spend a relatively large amount of time inspecting the face, especially the eyes, as opposed to areas surrounding the face. The expressive nature of the facial display also affected viewing patterns in that threatening and fear-related displays evoked a pattern of viewing that differed from that recorded during the presentation of submissive-related facial displays. From these results we conclude that (1) the most important determinant of the visual inspection patterns of faces is the constellation of physiognomic features and their configuration, but not facial motion, (2) the eyes are generally the most salient facial feature, and (3) the agonistic or affiliative dimension of an expressive facial display can be delineated on the basis of viewing patterns.