Holocene development of the River Lippe valley, Germany: a case study of anthropogenic influence
Holocene development of the River Lippe valley, Germany: a case study of anthropogenic influence
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德国利珀河谷的全新世发展：人为影响的案例研究
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
J. Herget
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作者：
J. Herget
德国利普河全新世谷底的特征对于中欧的一条河流来说是不典型的。谷底由三个梯田组成，它们之间并不总是清楚地分开。对组成阶地的沉积物的分析表明，它们是在整个全新世过程中积累起来的，尽管没有足够的信息来详细确定造成阶地形成的河流变化和稳定性的阶段。其中两个梯田只存在于山谷的下游，在那里它们与第三个梯田汇合和发散。最低的梯田只有一条与河道平行的狭长地带。谷底的形状可以用一系列人为影响来解释。最早的人类影响可能发生在大约2000年前，当时罗马人在对抗德国部落的战役中修建了一条拖道，并可能通过在当地的分流分流分叉上修建小水坝，将海峡平坦从自然的分流形态改变为蜿蜒的形态。中世纪开始实施人工曲折断流，以改善河流的通航能力。对这些人为干预的形态反应主要是退化的。在19世纪，人工侧填被用来缩小航道，拖道被更新了几次。最近的拖道的痕迹仍然清晰可见，是一条平行于河道的狭长地带，它构成了最低的阶地水平。一条有4000年历史的废弃航道的漫滩泄流与现代航道的形成水流的对比，支持了这样一个前提，即在拟人影响之前，自然平面形态是分支的。版权所有©2000 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
The characteristics of the Holocene valley floor of the River Lippe, Germany, are atypical for a river in central Europe. The valley floor consists of three terrace levels, which are not always clearly separated from each other. Analysis of the sediments making up the terraces indicates that they accumulated during the course of the entire Holocene, although there is insufficient information available to allow detailed determination of phases of fluvial change and stability responsible for terrace formation. Two of the terraces exist only in the lower reaches of the valley, where they converge and diverge with the third. The lowest terrace consists only of a narrow strip, running parallel to the river channel. The configuration of the valley floor may be explained by a series of anthropogenic influences. The earliest human impact probably occurred about 2000 years ago when, during their campaign against German tribes, the Romans built a towpath and may have changed the channel planform from its natural, anabranching pattern to a meandering form by building small dams on local distributary forks. Implementation of artificial meander cut-offs to improve navigation on the river began in medieval times. The morphological response to these human interventions was primarily degradational. In the 19th century, artificial lateral fill was used to narrow the channel and the towpath was renewed several times. The trace of the most recent towpath is still discernible as a narrow strip parallel to the river channel, and it constitutes the lowest terrace level. Comparison between the bankfull discharge of a 4000-year-old abandoned channel and the formative flow for the modern channel supports the premise that, prior to anthropomorphic influence, the natural planform was anabranched. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.