Convergent bacterial microbiotas in the fungal agricultural systems of insects.
Convergent bacterial microbiotas in the fungal agricultural systems of insects.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.02077-14
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发表时间：
2014-11-18
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Currie CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aylward FO;Suen G;Biedermann PH;Adams AS;Scott JJ;Malfatti SA;Glavina del Rio T;Tringe SG;Poulsen M;Raffa KF;Klepzig KD;Currie CR
种植粮食的能力是一项创新，它产生了地球上一些最成功的生态战略。虽然在人类中，农业代表了文明的定义特征，但蚂蚁，甲虫和白蚁的物种也独立地进化出与真菌的共生关系，它们培养真菌作为食物。尽管发生在不同的昆虫和真菌谱系，这些昆虫的食菌生态位是非常相似的，这表明趋同进化到这个成功的生态策略。在这里，我们描述了蚂蚁，甲虫和白蚁与真菌营养共生的微生物群，以定义与这些突出的食草动物和森林害虫相关的细菌群。使用文化独立的技术和37个复合基因组的主要社区成员的计算机重建，我们证明，不同的昆虫-真菌共生体，共同塑造全球生态系统具有高度相似的细菌微生物菌群主要由肠杆菌属，拉恩氏菌属和假单胞菌属。虽然这些共生体跨越了昆虫的三个目和真菌的两个门，但我们发现它们与共享高全基因组核苷酸同一性的细菌有关。由于从事真菌共生的昆虫的细菌微生物群的精细尺度对应，我们的研究结果表明，这代表了整个宿主-微生物复合体融合的一个例子。栽培真菌作为食物是一种在蚂蚁、甲虫和白蚁中独立进化的行为，使这些昆虫中的许多物种成为生态上重要的、广泛分布的食草动物和森林害虫。虽然这些昆虫的主要真菌品种已经研究了几十年，但对其细菌微生物群的了解相对较少。在这项研究中，我们表明，不同的真菌生长的昆虫与一个共同的细菌群落组成的相同的优势成员。此外，通过证明这些细菌中的许多细菌在相距数千英里的远亲昆虫宿主中具有很高的全基因组相似性，我们表明这些细菌是多种真菌生长昆虫的一个重要而未被重视的特征。由于这些昆虫在农业生活方式上的相似性，这是宿主昆虫的生活史和它们的共生微生物群之间趋同的一个例子。
The ability to cultivate food is an innovation that has produced some of the most successful ecological strategies on the planet. Although most well recognized in humans, where agriculture represents a defining feature of civilization, species of ants, beetles, and termites have also independently evolved symbioses with fungi that they cultivate for food. Despite occurring across divergent insect and fungal lineages, the fungivorous niches of these insects are remarkably similar, indicating convergent evolution toward this successful ecological strategy. Here, we characterize the microbiota of ants, beetles, and termites engaged in nutritional symbioses with fungi to define the bacterial groups associated with these prominent herbivores and forest pests. Using culture-independent techniques and the in silico reconstruction of 37 composite genomes of dominant community members, we demonstrate that different insect-fungal symbioses that collectively shape ecosystems worldwide have highly similar bacterial microbiotas comprised primarily of the genera Enterobacter, Rahnella, and Pseudomonas. Although these symbioses span three orders of insects and two phyla of fungi, we show that they are associated with bacteria sharing high whole-genome nucleotide identity. Due to the fine-scale correspondence of the bacterial microbiotas of insects engaged in fungal symbioses, our findings indicate that this represents an example of convergence of entire host-microbe complexes. The cultivation of fungi for food is a behavior that has evolved independently in ants, beetles, and termites and has enabled many species of these insects to become ecologically important and widely distributed herbivores and forest pests. Although the primary fungal cultivars of these insects have been studied for decades, comparatively little is known of their bacterial microbiota. In this study, we show that diverse fungus-growing insects are associated with a common bacterial community composed of the same dominant members. Furthermore, by demonstrating that many of these bacteria have high whole-genome similarity across distantly related insect hosts that reside thousands of miles apart, we show that these bacteria are an important and underappreciated feature of diverse fungus-growing insects. Because of the similarities in the agricultural lifestyles of these insects, this is an example of convergence between both the life histories of the host insects and their symbiotic microbiota.