Evolution of the eukaryotic ARP2/3 activators of the WASP family: WASP, WAVE, WASH, and WHAMM, and the proposed new family members WAWH and WAML.
Evolution of the eukaryotic ARP2/3 activators of the WASP family: WASP, WAVE, WASH, and WHAMM, and the proposed new family members WAWH and WAML.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1756-0500-5-88
复制
发表时间：
2012-02-08
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Enge S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kollmar M;Lbik D;Enge S
WASP家族蛋白刺激ARP2/3复合物的肌动蛋白成核活性。它们包括著名的WASP和WAVE/Scar蛋白的成员，以及最近发现的WASH和WHAMM蛋白。WASP家族蛋白包含家族特异性n端结构域，随后是脯氨酸丰富区域和c端VCA结构域，其中包含arp2 /3激活区域。为了揭示WASP家族蛋白激活ARP2/3的进化过程，我们通过人工组装和注释大多数真核生物基因组中的所有同源物进行了“整体”分析。我们发现了两个新的家族：WAML蛋白（WASP和MIM样），它们结合了IMD结构域的膜变形和肌动蛋白捆绑功能与arp2 /3激活VCA区域；WAWH蛋白（没有WH1结构域的WASP），已在变形虫、Apusozoa和蜥蜴中发现。令人惊讶的是，除了一个例外，我们没有发现WASP家族蛋白的任何替代剪接形式，这与其他肌动蛋白结合蛋白（如Ena/VASP， MIM或NHS蛋白）与WASP蛋白共享结构域形成强烈对比。我们的分析表明，真核生物的最后共同祖先必须包含WASP， WAVE和WASH的同源物。一些特定的家族随后在许多分类群中消失了，比如植物、藻类、层虫和真核生物中的wasp，以及真菌中的WASH蛋白。WHAMM蛋白是后生动物特有的，很可能是由真生动物发明的。WASP家族蛋白的多样性已被许多物种和分类群特异性基因的复制和多聚合大大增加。所有数据均可通过http://www.cymobase.org免费获取。
WASP family proteins stimulate the actin-nucleating activity of the ARP2/3 complex. They include members of the well-known WASP and WAVE/Scar proteins, and the recently identified WASH and WHAMM proteins. WASP family proteins contain family specific N-terminal domains followed by proline-rich regions and C-terminal VCA domains that harbour the ARP2/3-activating regions. To reveal the evolution of ARP2/3 activation by WASP family proteins we performed a "holistic" analysis by manually assembling and annotating all homologs in most of the eukaryotic genomes available. We have identified two new families: the WAML proteins (WASP and MIM like), which combine the membrane-deforming and actin bundling functions of the IMD domains with the ARP2/3-activating VCA regions, and the WAWH protein (WASP without WH1 domain) that have been identified in amoebae, Apusozoa, and the anole lizard. Surprisingly, with one exception we did not identify any alternative splice forms for WASP family proteins, which is in strong contrast to other actin-binding proteins like Ena/VASP, MIM, or NHS proteins that share domains with WASP proteins. Our analysis showed that the last common ancestor of the eukaryotes must have contained a homolog of WASP, WAVE, and WASH. Specific families have subsequently been lost in many taxa like the WASPs in plants, algae, Stramenopiles, and Euglenozoa, and the WASH proteins in fungi. The WHAMM proteins are metazoa specific and have most probably been invented by the Eumetazoa. The diversity of WASP family proteins has strongly been increased by many species- and taxon-specific gene duplications and multimerisations. All data is freely accessible via http://www.cymobase.org.