Deadenylation: enzymes, regulation, and functional implications.
Deadenylation: enzymes, regulation, and functional implications.
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脱腺苷化：酶、调节和功能影响。
DOI：
10.1002/wrna.1221
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yan Yong-Bin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yan Yong-Bin
真核信使RNA （mRNA）聚(A)尾部的长度受到聚(A)聚合酶和去烯化酶的相反作用而动态改变。调控poly(A)尾长提供了一种高度调控的手段，可以控制mRNA生命周期的几乎每个阶段，包括转录、加工、质量控制、运输、翻译、沉默和衰变。不同性质的死酶的存在凸显了poly(A)尾长调控在细胞功能中的重要性。死烯酰化活性可通过死烯酰化酶的亚细胞位置、靶mrna中的顺式作用元件、反式作用的RNA结合蛋白、死烯酰化酶和相关因子的翻译后修饰以及死烯酰化酶基因的转录和转录后调控来调节。在这些调节因子中，deadenylase的生理功能很大程度上依赖于与反式作用的RNA结合蛋白的相互作用，后者将deadenylase招募到目标mrna上。这些RNA结合蛋白的任务是根据其序列特征找到并标记目标mrna。调节因子的调节可以开启或关闭死基化，从而分别破坏或稳定目标mrna。不同的结构域组成和辅助因子为不同的deadenylase提供了结构基础，通过不同的RNA结合蛋白亚群来招募，以满足不同的细胞需求。多种deadenylase，多种类型的调节剂和可逆的翻译后修饰共同构成了一个复杂的网络，以精确调节细胞内mRNA的稳态。这篇综述将重点介绍各种死酶的各种调节因子，并讨论它们的功能含义、存在的问题和未来的挑战。本文分为：RNA周转和监视bbb周转/监视机制；RNA周转和监视bbb RNA稳定性调控
Lengths of the eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) poly(A) tails are dynamically changed by the opposing effects of poly(A) polymerases and deadenylases. Modulating poly(A) tail length provides a highly regulated means to control almost every stage of mRNA lifecycle including transcription, processing, quality control, transport, translation, silence, and decay. The existence of diverse deadenylases with distinct properties highlights the importance of regulating poly(A) tail length in cellular functions. The deadenylation activity can be modulated by subcellular locations of the deadenylases,cis‐acting elements in the target mRNAs,trans‐acting RNA‐binding proteins, posttranslational modifications of deadenylase and associated factors, as well as transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the deadenylase genes. Among these regulators, the physiological functions of deadenylases are largely dependent on the interactions with thetrans‐acting RNA‐binding proteins, which recruit deadenylases to the target mRNAs. The task of these RNA‐binding proteins is to find and mark the target mRNAs based on their sequence features. Regulation of the regulators can switch on or switch off deadenylation and thereby destabilize or stabilize the targeted mRNAs, respectively. The distinct domain compositions and cofactors provide various deadenylases the structural basis for the recruitments by distinct RNA‐binding protein subsets to meet dissimilar cellular demands. The diverse deadenylases, the numerous types of regulators, and the reversible posttranslational modifications together make up a complicated network to precisely regulate intracellular mRNA homeostasis. This review will focus on the diverse regulators of various deadenylases and will discuss their functional implications, remaining problems, and future challenges.This article is categorized under:RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance MechanismsRNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability