Climate change sensitivity of threatened, and largely unprotected, Amazonian fishes
Climate change sensitivity of threatened, and largely unprotected, Amazonian fishes
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DOI：
10.1002/aqc.2658
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zuanon, Jansen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frederico, Renata G.;Olden, Julian D.;Zuanon, Jansen
1.气候变化将对亚马逊河流域的淡水环境产生根本性的影响，保护区通常被提议作为保护淡水鱼类的一种可能的管理战略。然而，关于受威胁鱼类对气候引起的水量和水质变化的敏感性的资料仍然很少。一项基于专家的调查被用来解决以下问题：（1）目前在巴西受到威胁的鱼类物种是否也对气候变化的预期影响敏感？(2)鱼类物种目前的保护状况是否也反映了它们对气候变化的敏感程度？（3）气候变化的哪些具体方面可能对物种的敏感性贡献最大？3.调查受访者评估了35种（11科），占巴西亚马逊地区受威胁物种的50%。研究结果表明，大多数受威胁的巴西鱼类被认为对气候变化的影响高度敏感。平均而言，气候引起的水质变化被认为比水量的潜在变化对物种持续性的威胁更大。调查结果还表明，鱼类对温度和溶解氧的变化表现出高度的敏感性，对高流量（即洪水）和低流量（即干旱）制度的变化具有中度至高度的敏感性。物种保护状况和对气候变化的敏感性之间存在相当大的不匹配，这表明对当今灭绝风险的看法并不一定能提供对未来与气候变化相关的风险的洞察。物种对气候变化的敏感性没有表现出关系的扩散能力，这表明，保护区可能作为重要的避难所，为那些无法跟上气候变化的步伐。尽管如此，巴西保护区的数量和规模在过去十年中有所减少，主要是为了支持水电和采矿的开发。有必要进行战略性保护规划，包括为那些最易受气候变化影响的物种建立现有和新的保护区。版权所有（C）2016约翰威利父子有限公司
1. Climate change is poised to have fundamental impacts on the freshwater environments of the Amazon River Basin, and protected areas are routinely proposed as a possible management strategy to conserve freshwater fishes. However, there remains a paucity of information regarding the sensitivity of threatened fish species to climate-induced changes in water quantity and quality.2. An expert-based survey was used to address the following questions: (1) Are currently threatened fish species in Brazil also sensitive to projected effects of climate change? (2) Does the current conservation status of fish species also reflect their degree of sensitivity to climate change? and (3) What are the specific aspects of climate change that are likely to contribute the most to species sensitivity?3. Survey respondents evaluated 35 species (11 families) representing 50% of the threatened species in the Brazilian Amazon. The results suggest that the majority of threatened Brazilian fish species are considered highly sensitive to climate change impacts.4. Climate-induced changes in water quality were, on average, considered a greater threat to species persistence than potential changes in water quantity. Survey results also suggest that fishes exhibit high sensitivity to changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen, and moderate to high sensitivity to changes in high-flow (i.e. flood) and low-flow (i.e. drought) regimes.5. A considerable mismatch was found between species conservation status and sensitivity to climate change, suggesting that perceptions of present-day extinction risk do not necessarily provide insight into future risks associated with climate change.6. Species sensitivity to climate change showed no relationship to dispersal ability, indicating that protected areas may serve as important refugia for those species unable to keep pace with climate change. Despite this, the number and size of protected areas in Brazil have decreased over the past decade, largely to support the exploitation of hydropower and mining. Strategic conservation planning that involves existing and new protected areas for those species most at risk to climate change is warranted. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.