A hierarchical approach for the evaluation of chemical process aspects from the perspective of inherent safety
A hierarchical approach for the evaluation of chemical process aspects from the perspective of inherent safety
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DOI：
10.1205/095758203770866601
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Hungerbühler, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah, S;Fischer, U;Hungerbühler, K
近年来，化学工艺设计中安全和环境问题的重要性日益增加。本质安全和“绿色”工艺的理念已经出现。从这个角度来看，目标是设计理想的化学工艺，仅需要最少量的原材料和能源，并且不需要复杂的安全措施和末端技术。尽管化学工艺在这个方向上不断改进，但如今安全和末端技术仍然不可或缺。我们提出了一个概念，以分层方法揭示化学过程在不同层的 SHE（安全、健康和环境）方面的非理想程度：所涉及的化学物质的特性（物质层）；物质之间可能存在的相互作用（反应层）；所涉及的各种设备（设备层）中的物质和操作条件的组合可能产生的情况；以及根据法律法规安全运行流程所需的安全和末端技术（安全技术层）。该方法特别适合化学工艺设计的早期阶段。在本文中，我们重点关注该方法的安全方面。在三个案例研究的帮助下，论证了总体概念，并展示了该方法如何揭示不同化学工艺方面在固有安全方面的非理想程度。此外，该方法有助于识别为了运行该过程而必须采取的技术措施。
In recent years the importance of safety and environmental issues in chemical process design has increased. The idea of inherent safety and 'green' processes has arisen. From this perspective the goal is to design ideal chemical processes that need only minimum amounts of raw materials and energy and that do not require elaborate safety measures and end-of-pipe technologies. While chemical processes are continuously improving in this direction, nowadays safety and end-of-pipe technologies are still indispensable. We developed a concept that in a hierarchical approach reveals the degree of non-ideality of chemical processes with regard to SHE (safety, health and environment) aspects at different layers: the properties of the chemical substances involved (substance layer); possible interactions between the substances (reactivity layer); the possible scenarios resulting from the combination of substances and operating conditions in the various equipments involved (equipment layer); and the safety and end-of-pipe technologies that are required to run a process safely and in accordance with legal regulations (safety technology layer). The method is particularly suited for the early phases of chemical process design. In this paper we focus on the safety aspects of the methodology. With the help of three case studies the overall concept is demonstrated and it is shown how the method reveals the degree of non-ideality of different chemical process aspects with regard to inherent safety. Furthermore, the method helps in identifying those technical measures that have to be taken in order to run the process nonetheless.