Transmissibility of the Monkeypox Virus Clades via Respiratory Transmission: Investigation Using the Prairie Dog-Monkeypox Virus Challenge System
Transmissibility of the Monkeypox Virus Clades via Respiratory Transmission: Investigation Using the Prairie Dog-Monkeypox Virus Challenge System
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0055488
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发表时间：
2013-02-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Damon, Inger K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hutson, Christina L.;Gallardo-Romero, Nadia;Damon, Inger K.
猴痘病毒（MPXV）是非洲的一种地方病，偶有报告称在非洲引起人类疾病暴发。2003年，在输入受感染的非洲啮齿动物后，美国爆发了人类MPXV。自从根除了天花（由与MPXV相关的正痘病毒（OPXV）引起）和停止常规天花疫苗接种（使用活的OPXV牛痘）以来，越来越多的人易患OPXV疾病。以往的研究表明，草原犬鼠MPXV模型是研究人类全身性OPXV疾病的功能性动物模型。使用该模型进行的研究表明，受感染的动物能够通过多种接触途径将病毒传播给未感染的动物，从而引起后续感染，但无法证明受感染的动物能够仅通过呼吸道途径传播病毒。在此，我们使用模型系统来评估刚果盆地分支比西非分支更容易通过呼吸途径传播的假设。通过使用少量实验动物，我们发现每个MPXV分支通过呼吸道传播的病毒传播最小。然而，刚果盆地进化支的传播率略高于西非MXPV进化支（分别为16.7%和0%）。基于这些发现，呼吸道传播的效率似乎低于先前在草原犬鼠MPXV动物模型中评估接触传播机制的研究。
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic within Africa where it sporadically is reported to cause outbreaks of human disease. In 2003, an outbreak of human MPXV occurred in the US after the importation of infected African rodents. Since the eradication of smallpox (caused by an orthopoxvirus (OPXV) related to MPXV) and cessation of routine smallpox vaccination (with the live OPXV vaccinia), there is an increasing population of people susceptible to OPXV diseases. Previous studies have shown that the prairie dog MPXV model is a functional animal model for the study of systemic human OPXV illness. Studies with this model have demonstrated that infected animals are able to transmit the virus to naive animals through multiple routes of exposure causing subsequent infection, but were not able to prove that infected animals could transmit the virus exclusively via the respiratory route. Herein we used the model system to evaluate the hypothesis that the Congo Basin clade of MPXV is more easily transmitted, via respiratory route, than the West African clade. Using a small number of test animals, we show that transmission of viruses from each of the MPXV clade was minimal via respiratory transmission. However, transmissibility of the Congo Basin clade was slightly greater than West African MXPV clade (16.7% and 0% respectively). Based on these findings, respiratory transmission appears to be less efficient than those of previous studies assessing contact as a mechanism of transmission within the prairie dog MPXV animal model.