A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence.
A neurodevelopmental perspective on male violence.
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关于男性暴力的神经发育视角。
DOI：
10.1002/imhj.21761
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Raine,Adrian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raine,Adrian
越来越多的研究记录了暴力的神经生物学基础。这篇综述从神经发育的角度研究了一小群成年后成为持续暴力罪犯的男性。在概述了构成神经发育障碍的六个标准之后，研究了慢性暴力在多大程度上符合这些定义标准，涵盖遗传学、结构和功能脑成像以及神经心理学等领域。然后概述了暴力的早期健康风险因素，包括分娩并发症、轻微的身体异常、产前吸烟和酗酒、营养不良、铅接触和创伤性脑损伤。持续的成人暴力被认为起源于儿童早期的异常气质行为，具有稳定的发展轨迹，并与教育、社会和职业功能受损有关。综上所述，人们认为，慢性成人暴力符合被概念化为神经发育起源的标准，神经发育不良的一个重要但不是唯一的来源在于产前和产后早期的风险因素。这篇综述的结论是对长期暴力的神经发育视角所处的社会政治背景的认识，以及未来研究的方向，包括神经发育假说是否最适用于被动攻击，而不是主动攻击。
Research is increasingly documenting a neurobiological basis to violence. This review takes a neurodevelopmental perspective on the very small group of males who grow up to become persistent violent offenders. After outlining six criteria for what constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, the extent to which chronic violence meets these definitional criteria is examined, covering the fields of genetics, structural and functional brain imaging, and neuropsychology. Early health risk factors for violence are then outlined, including birth complications, minor physical anomalies, prenatal smoking and alcohol exposure, poor nutrition, lead exposure, and traumatic brain injury. Persistent adult violence is argued to originate in aberrant temperamental behavior in early childhood, to have a stable developmental trajectory, and to be associated with impaired education, social, and occupational functioning. Taken together, it is argued that chronic adult violence meets criterion for being conceptualized as having neurodevelopmental origins and that an important, but not sole, source of neural maldevelopment lies in prenatal and early postnatal risk factors. This review concludes with a recognition of the sociopolitical context within which a neurodevelopmental perspective on chronic violence sits, together with directions for future research, including whether a neurodevelopmental hypothesis is best applied to reactive as opposed to proactive aggression.