The morphological consequences of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum.
The morphological consequences of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24466
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haeusler, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krenn, Viktoria A.;Fornai, Cinzia;Webb, Nicole M.;Woodert, Mirella A.;Prosch, Helmut;Haeusler, Martin
关键词：
尽管在人类骶骨分割异常的频率很高，其进化和临床意义仍然存在争议。特别是，涉及分类和计数方法的不一致性模糊了腰骶移行椎的准确评估。因此，我们的目标是建立更可靠的形态学和形态测量方法，在临床和古生物学背景下区分骶骨化和腰椎化。使用来自145名年龄在14-47岁之间的个体的临床CT数据，评估椎骨计数和骶骨与相邻骨结构之间的空间关系，同时使用基于不同标志配置的几何形态测量法评估骶骨的形态变化。腰骶部和骶尾骨节段异常的患病率为40%。腰椎化和骶骨化可以根据髂嵴和骶骨终线向上或向下轨迹之间的空间关系可靠地区分。不同的头尾方向的翼相对于第一骶椎体的几何形态测量分析也反映。尾骨融合（32%）经常伴有腰椎化，这表明六元件骶骨更经常合并尾骨而不是第五腰椎。我们的方法允许一致的识别分割异常，即使在孤立的骶骨。此外，我们的研究结果表明，同源异型边界移位往往影响多个脊柱区域的单向方式，或骶骨长度是高度保守的，可能是由于功能的限制。我们的研究结果阐明了腰骶移行椎潜在的临床、生物力学和进化意义。腰骶部分段异常的直接形态学比较，即骶化（蓝色）和腰化（黄色）。
Despite the high frequency of segmentation anomalies in the human sacrum, their evolutionary and clinical implications remain controversial. Specifically, inconsistencies involving the classification and counting methods obscure accurate assessment of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Therefore, we aim to establish more reliable morphological and morphometric methods for differentiating between sacralizations and lumbarizations in clinical and paleontological contexts. Using clinical CT data from 145 individuals aged 14–47 years, vertebral counts and the spatial relationship between the sacrum and adjoining bony structures were assessed, while the morphological variation of the sacrum was assessed using geometric morphometrics based on varied landmark configurations. The prevalence of lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal segmentation anomalies was 40%. Lumbarizations and sacralizations were reliably distinguishable based on the spatial relationship between the iliac crest and the upward or downward trajectory of the linea terminalis on the sacrum. Different craniocaudal orientations of the alae relative to the corpus of the first sacral vertebra were also reflected in the geometric morphometric analyses. The fusion of the coccyx (32%) was frequently coupled with lumbarizations, suggesting that the six‐element sacra more often incorporate the coccyx rather than the fifth lumbar vertebra. Our approach allowed the consistent identification of segmentation anomalies even in isolated sacra. Additionally, our outcomes either suggest that homeotic border shifts often affect multiple spinal regions in a unidirectional way, or that sacrum length is highly conserved perhaps due to functional constraints. Our results elucidate the potential clinical, biomechanical, and evolutionary significance of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. Direct morphological comparison of lumbosacral segmentation anomalies, that is, sacralization (blue) and lumbarization (yellow).
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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