EVALUATION OF WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWING IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA FOR RESISTANCE TO TAN SPOT
EVALUATION OF WHEAT CULTIVARS GROWING IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA FOR RESISTANCE TO TAN SPOT
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DOI：
10.4454/jpp.v99i1.3812
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Sapakhova, Z.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kokhmetova, A.;Kremneva, O.;Sapakhova, Z.
小麦褐斑病是由小麦核腔菌（Pyrenophora tritici-repentis）引起的小麦叶部病害。本研究旨在筛选哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯小麦赤星病菌（P. tritici-repentis）主要致病力的优良小麦种质;利用分子标记评价小麦种质对Ptr ToxA的敏感性;鉴定小麦赤星病的有效抗源并为小麦育种提供抗源。小麦种质资源对Ptr菌株反应的研究表明，64.5%的小麦品种对11 K-14菌株（1号小种）表现抗性。88%以上的品种对18 K-14（2号生理小种）表现抗病。俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦品种对5 K-14（8号生理小种）的感病率最高，分别为61.9%和65.4%。在56个小麦品种，含有隐性tsn 1等位基因，不敏感反应Ptr毒素A毒素的渗透预测。当评估小麦材料对分离物5 K-14（小种8）的反应并用标记Xfcp 394进行基因分型时，仅在20个条目中预测对Ptr ToxA的不敏感反应。分子筛选的结果使得从研究材料中去除毒素敏感性等位基因成为可能。结果表明，大多数在哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯种植的供试品种具有小种特异性抗性。在小麦新品种的开发过程中应考虑到这一事实。由于病害流行的威胁，有必要创造新的抗褐斑病供体和以它们为基础的小麦育种材料。
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a serious foliar disease of wheat in Kazakhstan and Russia. This study was conducted to screen elite wheat germplasms to the major virulence present in P. tritici-repentis in Kazakhstan and Russia; to evaluate sensitivity of the wheat germplasm to Ptr ToxA using molecular markers; and to identify resistance sources effective against tan spot and provide wheat breeders with sources of resistance. The study of wheat germplasm reaction to Ptr isolates revealed that 64.5% of the wheat cultivars were resistant when tested to isolate 11K-14 (race 1). Over 88% of cultivars tested to 18K-14 (race 2) of P. tritici-repentis were characterized as resistant. The largest number of Russian and Kazakh cultivars, 61.9% and 65.4% respectively, was susceptible to isolate 5K-14 (race 8). In 56 wheat cultivars, containing the recessive tsn1 allele, insensitive reaction to the Ptr ToxA toxin infiltration was predicted. When wheat material was evaluated for reaction to isolate 5K-14 (race 8) and genotyped with marker Xfcp394 the insensitive reaction to the Ptr ToxA was only predicted in 20 entries. The results of molecular screening made it possible to remove the toxin sensitivity alleles from studied material. The findings suggest that most of tested cultivars growing in Kazakhstan and Russia possess race-specific resistance. This fact should be taken into consideration during development of new wheat cultivars. Due to the threat of disease epiphytotic, it is necessary to create new donors of tan spot resistance and wheat breeding material based on them.