Cosmological quantum entanglement
Cosmological quantum entanglement
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DOI：
10.1088/0264-9381/29/22/224003
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
E. Martín-Martinez;N. Menicucci
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Martín-Martinez;N. Menicucci
我们回顾了最近有关量子纠缠和宇宙学之间联系的文献，重点介绍了膨胀宇宙的背景。我们讨论了最近报道的由于基本时空的扩展而在量子场中产生纠缠的理论结果。我们探讨了场的统计(玻色子或费米子)、展开类型(de Sitter或渐近稳定)以及与时空曲率的耦合(共形或极小)对这些结果的影响。然后，我们考虑了通过耦合到局域探测器来从量子场中提取纠缠，以及如何通过纠缠特征来区分曲率和加热。我们回顾了早期宇宙中的量子涨落在星系和其他宇宙结构的形成中所起的作用，它们在膨胀过程中和膨胀后转化为经典的密度各向异性。我们报告了目前的文献，试图以一种严格的方式解释这种转变，并讨论了纠缠和退相干在这一过程中的重要性。最后，对该领域进一步的理论和实验研究进行了展望。这些包括当前理论工作的扩展，未来可能的观测追求，以及在实验室环境中模拟这些宇宙效应的实验模拟。
We review recent literature on the connection between quantum entanglement and cosmology, with an emphasis on the context of expanding universes. We discuss recent theoretical results reporting on the production of entanglement in quantum fields due to the expansion of the underlying spacetime. We explore how these results are affected by the statistics of the field (bosonic or fermionic), the type of expansion (de Sitter or asymptotically stationary), and the coupling to spacetime curvature (conformal or minimal). We then consider the extraction of entanglement from a quantum field by coupling to local detectors and how this procedure can be used to distinguish curvature from heating by their entanglement signature. We review the role played by quantum fluctuations in the early universe in nucleating the formation of galaxies and other cosmic structures through their conversion into classical density anisotropies during and after inflation. We report on current literature attempting to account for this transition in a rigorous way and discuss the importance of entanglement and decoherence in this process. We conclude with some prospects for further theoretical and experimental research in this area. These include extensions of current theoretical efforts, possible future observational pursuits, and experimental analogues that emulate these cosmic effects in a laboratory setting.