A Two-Component Female-Produced Pheromone of the Spider Pholcus beijingensis
A Two-Component Female-Produced Pheromone of the Spider Pholcus beijingensis
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-009-9660-2
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Yonghong Xiao;Jianxu Zhang;Shuqiang Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yonghong Xiao;Jianxu Zhang;Shuqiang Li
化学信号在蜘蛛的性交流中起着重要的作用，但蜘蛛性信息素的化学成分仍然知之甚少。与昆虫和哺乳动物不同，蜘蛛信息素的鉴定很少，也没有发现多组分的信息素。与不接受性的雌性蜘蛛网或成熟的雄性蜘蛛网相比，北京腹蛛空网的性接受雌性蜘蛛网对雄性同种蜘蛛的吸引力更大。巧合的是，化学分析表明，（E，E）-法呢基乙酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯，和十六烷基乙酸酯的蜘蛛网表现出较高的相对丰度在性接受女性比在性不接受女性或男性，表明可能的信息素成分。双选择行为测定证实，（E，E）-法呢基乙酸酯和十六烷基乙酸酯（w/w：2：1）的混合物吸引男性在剂量相当于这些化合物的量在一个蜘蛛网，而没有单独的化合物引起男性。此外，邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（与塑料接触的可能污染物）单独使用或与任何一种乙酸盐组合使用均不会引起雄性的吸引力。行为学数据表明，乙酸（E，E）-法呢酯和乙酸十六酯组成了北京大腹蛛雌性产生的双组分性信息素，是首次在蜘蛛中发现的多组分性信息素。
Chemical signaling plays an important role in spider sexual communication, yet the chemistry of spider sex pheromones remains poorly understood. Unlike insects and mammals, the identification of spider pheromones has seldom been attempted, and no multicomponent pheromones have been found. Empty webs of sexually receptive females of Pholcus beijingensis were more attractive to male conspecifics as compared to webs of sexually unreceptive females or to mature males. Coincidently, chemical analysis revealed that (E,E)-farnesyl acetate, diisobutyl phthalate, and hexadecyl acetate of the spider webs exhibited higher relative abundances in sexually receptive females than in sexually unreceptive females or males, indicative of possible pheromone components. Two-choice behavioral assays verified that the blend of (E,E)-farnesyl acetate and hexadecyl acetate (w/w: 2:1) attracted males at a dosage equivalent to the amounts of these compounds in one spider web, whereas neither compound alone aroused males. In addition, diisobutyl phthalate (a likely contaminant from contact with plastic) alone or in combination with either of the acetates did not evoke the males' attraction. The behavioral data suggest that (E,E)-farnesyl acetate and hexadecyl acetate comprise a two-component female-produced sex pheromone in P. beijingensis, the first multicomponent pheromone found in spiders.