Out of the woods and into the lab: exploring the strange marriage of American woodcraft and Soviet ecology in Czech environmentalism
Out of the woods and into the lab: exploring the strange marriage of American woodcraft and Soviet ecology in Czech environmentalism
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走出树林，走进实验室：探索捷克环保主义中美国木工技术与苏联生态学的奇怪结合
DOI：
10.3197/096734007780473546
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joe Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Jehlička;Joe Smith
人们普遍认为，现代环保主义思想是在1989年后引入捷克共和国等后共产主义国家的。这篇论文表明，这些国家有自己的环境传统。从1950年代末开始，捷克环保主义就关注自然保护和青年教育。其教学法的核心是关注教育和自然，遵循木工和童子军传统。但正规教育经历也很重要。环境问题被共产主义的高等教育系统框定为纯科学问题。因此，捷克环保主义是官方认可的理性和科学的环境问题的看法和一个更独立的浪漫主义暗流的混合。我们将展示捷克战后的环境政治如何将苏联的生态学与美国西部的神话、原始自然的美德和个人自由的秘密参考相结合。这一遗产使捷克环保主义能够适应共产主义和资本主义制度。然而，这也意味着它没有能力对这两个问题进行战略性或系统性的批评。我们的研究有助于解释环境保护主义在后共产主义政治中令人惊讶的沉默作用，并证实了对环境政治历史进行细致入微和文化特定分析的重要性。
It is widely assumed that modern environmentalist thinking was imported into post-communist states such as the Czech Republic post 1989. This paper shows these countries had environmental traditions of their own. From its inception in the late 1950s Czech environmentalism was concerned with nature conservation and youth education. At the core of its pedagogy was a concern to educate about and in nature, following the woodcraft and scouting tradition. But formal educational experiences were also significant. Environmental problems were framed as exclusively scientific issues by communist higher education systems. Thus, Czech environmentalism was a blend of the officially sanctioned rational and scientific perception of environmental issues and a more independent romanticising undercurrent. We show how Czech post-war environmental politics blended Soviet ecology with covert references to the mythology of American West, the virtues of pristine nature and of individual freedom. This heritage allowed Czech environmentalism to adapt to both communist and capitalist systems. However, it also meant it was not equipped to deliver a strategic or systematic critique of either. Our research helps to explain the surprisingly muted role of environmentalism in post-communist politics, and confirms the importance of nuanced and culturally specific analyses of the history of environmental politics.