Cities have a negative impact navigation ability: Evidence from mass online assessment via Sea Hero Quest
Cities have a negative impact navigation ability: Evidence from mass online assessment via Sea Hero Quest
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城市对导航能力有负面影响：来自 Sea Hero Quest 大规模在线评估的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Spiers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Coutrot;E. Patai;Ricardo Silva;E. Manley;J. Weiner;R. Dalton;C. Hoelscher;M. Hornberger;H. Spiers
动物的导航能力对不同的环境表现出显著的适应性。像其他动物一样，人类在克服不同地形的挑战方面表现出令人印象深刻的能力。这些挑战在农村和城市环境中可以说是不同的。城市通常需要对有组织的街道网络进行更离散的决策，而农村环境可能需要更多地关注远端地标和更远的距离。为了研究在农村或城市环境中长大是否会影响导航能力，我们使用虚拟导航测试"Sea Hero Quest"对人们进行了测试，该测试是一款适用于移动的和平板设备的应用程序，要求参与者将虚拟船导航到预先显示的地图上标记的各个位置，并记录位置和方向，以便计算导航技能（我们已经表明，这是预测现实世界的导航性能）。参与者（n> 200，000）还报告了他们是否在农村，城市或混合环境中长大，以及其他人口统计数据（年龄，性别，居住国，教育，每日通勤时间和惯用手）。我们发现，与那些在农村环境中长大的人相比，在城市中长大的人的导航性能始终较差，即使在控制年龄，性别和教育水平的情况下也是如此。这一结果在所有受试国家的人群中都成立，但效应大小差异很大：美国的差异最大（Hedge的g = 0.23），而德国的差异很小（g = 0.08）。虽然城市与农村环境与年龄没有相互作用（见图），但高中以上教育的人的上级导航能力随着年龄的增长而扩大。利手和通勤时间对导航能力的影响不显著。为了进一步扩展这项研究，我们正在探索神经解剖数据和导航性能之间的关系，使用磁共振成像，并将提出初步的
Animals display remarkable adaptation to different environments in their navigation abilities. Like other animals humans show an impressive capacity to overcome the challenges of navigating different terrains. These challenges are arguably di"erent in rural and city environments. Cities typically require more discrete decision making on organised street networks, whereas rural environments may require more focus on distal landmarks and travel over greater distances. To examine whether growing up in a rural or a city environment impacts navigation ability we tested people with our virtual navigation test ‘Sea Hero Quest’ which is an app for mobile and tablet devices that requires participants to navigate a virtual boat to various locations marked on pre-shown map and records position and orientation allowing calculation of navigation skill (which we have shown is predictive of real-world navigation performance). Participants (n > 200,000) also reported whether they grew up in a rural, city or a mixed environment, and other demographics (age, gender, country of residence, education, daily commute duration, and handedness). We found that people who report growing up in a city show a consistently a worse level of navigation performance compared to those who report growing up in a rural environment, even when controlling for age, gender and level of education. This result held true in populations from all tested countries, but the e"ect size varied substantially: the US had the biggest di"erence (Hedge’s g = 0.23) while Germany showed only a small di"erence (g = 0.08). While city vs rural environment did not interact with age (see Figure), the superior navigation ability of those with post- high-school education widened with age. Handedness and commute duration had negligible e"ects on navigation ability. To extend this research further we are exploring the relationship between neuroanatomical data and navigation performance using magnetic resonance imaging and will present preliminary