Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Symptomatology in COVID-19: Prevalence, Severity, Timing, and Associated Characteristics
Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Symptomatology in COVID-19: Prevalence, Severity, Timing, and Associated Characteristics
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0194599820929185
复制
发表时间：
2020-05-19
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sedaghat, Ahmad R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Speth, Marlene M.;Singer-Cornelius, Thirza;Sedaghat, Ahmad R.
嗅觉功能障碍（OD）-嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失-是2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的一种症状，由新型冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起。我们试图更好地确定COVID-19中OD相对于其他鼻窦和肺部症状的患病率、严重程度和时间。研究设计前瞻性、横断面。设置区域/州医院。受试者总数，103名患者通过基于逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）的检测被诊断为COVID-19。周的时间已经接近。时间和严重程度（在最坏的情况下，在0 [无]、1 [轻度]、2 [中度]和3 [严重]的量表上）对每名患者的OD、味觉丧失、鼻塞、鼻涕/粘液产生、发热、咳嗽和呼吸急促（HST）进行评估。OD的严重程度与味觉丧失的严重程度密切相关（rho = 0.87，P <0.001）。在COVID-19第一天发生OD的占8.7%，总体发生在中位感染第3天（平均值为3.4;范围为0-12）。大多数OD患者报告了嗅觉丧失，所有OD患者的平均严重程度为中度至重度（平均值[SD]，2.7 [0.6]）。鼻阻塞（49.5%）和鼻漏（35.0%）是常见的，但与OD无关。OD患者的心功能损害程度更重。OD与年龄呈负相关（OR，0.96; 95%CI，0.93-0.99; P = .007），与女性性别呈正相关（OR，2.46; 95%CI，0.98-6.19; P = .056）。OD与年龄呈负相关，与女性呈正相关。OD患者也可能经历更严重的SOB。
ObjectiveOlfactory dysfunction (OD)-hyposmia or anosmia-is a symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We sought to better determine prevalence, severity, and timing of OD in COVID-19 relative to other sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms.Study DesignProspective, cross-sectional.SettingRegional/cantonal hospital.SubjectsIn total, 103 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based testing.MethodsAll patients testing positive for COVID-19 at Kantonsspital Aarau over a 6-week period were approached. Timing and severity (at its worst, on scale of 0 [none], 1 [mild], 2 [moderate], and 3 [severe]) of OD, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath (SOB) were assessed for each patient.ResultsPrevalence of OD was 61.2%, and severity of OD was strongly correlated with severity of loss of taste experienced (rho = 0.87, P < .001). OD was experienced on the first day of COVID-19 by 8.7% and overall occurred at median infection day 3 (mean, 3.4; range, 0-12). Most experiencing OD reported anosmia, and mean severity of all with OD was moderate to severe (mean [SD], 2.7 [0.6]). Nasal obstruction (49.5%) and rhinorrhea (35.0%) were frequently reported but not correlated with OD. SOB was more severe in patients with OD. OD was associated negatively with older age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .007) and positively with female sex (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.98-6.19; P = .056).ConclusionsOD is highly prevalent during COVID-19, occurring early and severely, often in conjunction with loss of taste. OD is associated negatively with older age and positively with female sex. Patients with OD may also experience more severe SOB.