EFFECTS OF MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION IN KITTENS
EFFECTS OF MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION IN KITTENS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00348878
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
WIESEL, TN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUBEL, DH;WIESEL, TN
心理学家和临床医生早就知道，剥夺动物或人的视力在早期可能会导致严重的视觉缺陷。通过解剖学和行为学的方法对几个物种进行了大量的研究，但对感觉剥夺的生理影响知之甚少。在过去的十年里，人们检查了单细胞反应，并比较了猫视觉通路中多个水平的感受野排列1 - 3，5。这些信息提供了必要的背景研究的未成熟和stimuhis剥夺的视觉系统。在本文中，我们希望总结的解剖学和生理影响，剥夺小猫在一只眼睛的视觉，为不同的时间长度和在不同的年龄7，s。开始时，有必要简要地评论一下成年猫外侧膝状体和皮质细胞对视觉刺激的反应方式。自19535年KVFFLWR的工作以来，人们已经知道视网膜神经节细胞有两种类型，“中心”和“偏离中心”。每一个细胞都可以受到视网膜上直径为1毫米的一个外接区域的光的影响;这个区域被称为单个细胞的感受野。照亮这一区域的中心可以激发细胞（即增加脉冲放电的速率），也可以抑制它，这取决于细胞的类型是“中心”还是“偏离中心”。如果整个感受野被抑制，也会诱发类似类型的反应，但这种反应总是弱于用仅覆盖场中心的较小光斑获得的反应。由于这个原因，可以说视网膜神经节细胞与视杆细胞和视锥细胞（通过双极细胞）连接的方式使得它们不仅对给定点处的绝对照明做出反应，而且对照明的空间梯度做出反应。
It has long been known to psychologists and clinicians that depriving an animal or man of vision at an early age can lead to profound visual defects. A number of studies have been made in several species by anatomical and behavioral methods, yet very little is known about the physiological effects of sensory deprivation. During the last ten years single-cell responses have been examined and receptive-field arrangements compared at several levels in the cat's visual pathway 1-3, 5. This information provides the necessary background for a study of the immature and the stimuhis deprived visual system. In the present paper we wish to summarize the anatomicM and physiological effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye for various lengths of time and at various ages 7, s. To begin with it will be necessary to comment briefly on the manner in which lateral geniculate and cortical cells in the adult cat react to visual stimuli. Since the work of KVFFLWR in 19535, it has been known that retinal ganglion cells are of two types," on-center" and" off-center". Each cell can be influenced by light over a circumscribed region of retina of the order of one millimeter in diameter; this area is called the receptive field of a single cell. Illuminating the center of this region either excites the cell (ie, increases the rate of impulse firing) or inhibits it, depending on whether the cell is" on-center" in type or" off-center". A similar type of response is evoked if the whole receptive field is ilhlmiuated, but the response is always weaker than that which is obtained with a smaller spot just covering the field center. For this reason one can say that retinal ganglion ceils are connected to the rods and cones (through the bipolar cells) in such a way that they react not simply to the absolute illumination at a given point, but rather to spatial gradients in illumination.