Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes.
Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes.
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DOI：
10.1186/1752-153x-7-154
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发表时间：
2013-09-13
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wallin H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jackson P;Jacobsen NR;Baun A;Birkedal R;Kühnel D;Jensen KA;Vogel U;Wallin H
碳纳米管（CNT）具有许多工业应用，并且可能被释放到环境中。在水生环境中，原始或功能化CNT具有不同的分散行为，可能导致沿水柱沿着暴露的不同风险。本综述中的数据表明，CNT不容易穿过生物屏障。当内在化时，只有最小部分的CNT易位到生物体的体室中。报告的CNT毒性取决于暴露条件、模式生物、CNT类型、分散状态和浓度。在生态毒理学试验中，水生生物一般比陆生生物更敏感。无脊椎动物比脊椎动物更敏感。单壁CNT被发现比双壁/多壁CNT毒性更大。一般而言，文献中记录的效应浓度高于当前模拟的平均环境浓度。估算环境无效应浓度需要测量数据。未来需要对基准材料进行研究，以产生可比较的结果。研究必须包括更好地表征起始材料、分散体和生物归宿，以更好地了解暴露/效应关系。
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have numerous industrial applications and may be released to the environment. In the aquatic environment, pristine or functionalized CNT have different dispersion behavior, potentially leading to different risks of exposure along the water column. Data included in this review indicate that CNT do not cross biological barriers readily. When internalized, only a minimal fraction of CNT translocate into organism body compartments. The reported CNT toxicity depends on exposure conditions, model organism, CNT-type, dispersion state and concentration. In the ecotoxicological tests, the aquatic organisms were generally found to be more sensitive than terrestrial organisms. Invertebrates were more sensitive than vertebrates. Single-walled CNT were found to be more toxic than double-/multi-walled CNT. Generally, the effect concentrations documented in literature were above current modeled average environmental concentrations. Measurement data are needed for estimation of environmental no-effect concentrations. Future studies with benchmark materials are needed to generate comparable results. Studies have to include better characterization of the starting materials, of the dispersions and of the biological fate, to obtain better knowledge of the exposure/effect relationships.