Assessing the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids
Assessing the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-013-1820-9
复制
发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Naidu, Ravi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ng, Jack C.;Juhasz, Albert;Naidu, Ravi
生物利用度(BA)决定了污染物对受体的潜在危害。然而，现场污染评估的环境指南通常是假设污染物是100%可生物利用的。这种评估场地风险的保守方法可能会导致对受污染场地进行不必要且昂贵的补救。澳大利亚的国家环境保护措施经历了一项为期5年的法定审查，建议将污染物的生物可获得性和生物可获得性(BAC)措施作为国家环境保护委员会污染场地风险评估过程的一部分。我们对目前的生物利用度和生物可获得性途径、方法及其各自的局限性进行了严格的审查。评估污染物到达其受体的循环系统(BA)的“金”标准是在活体系统中测定BA。各种动物模型已经被用于这一目的。由于动物伦理学问题，以及与进行体内研究相关的费用，已发展了几种体外方法来确定BAC作为评估BA的替代模型。然而，很少有体外BAC研究针对可靠的动物模型进行校准，例如未成熟的猪。在这篇综述中，我们确定了适合评估砷和铅的BAC的方法，并提出了一种用于健康风险评估的污染物生物利用度和生物可获得性的决策树。
Bioavailability (BA) determines the potential harm of a contaminant that exerts on the receptor. However, environmental guidelines for site contamination assessment are often set assuming the contaminant is 100 % bioavailable. This conservative approach to assessing site risk may result in the unnecessary and expensive remediation of a contaminated site. The National Environmental Protection Measures in Australia has undergone a statutory 5-year review that recommended that contaminant bioavailability and bioaccessibility (BAC) measures be adopted as part of the contaminated site risk assessment process by the National Environment Protection Council. We undertook a critical review of the current bioavailability and bioaccessibility approaches, methods and their respective limitations. The 'gold' standard to estimate the portion of a contaminant that reaches the system circulatory system (BA) of its receptor is to determine BA in an in vivo system. Various animal models have been utilised for this purpose. Because of animal ethics issues, and the expenses associated with performing in vivo studies, several in vitro methods have been developed to determine BAC as a surrogate model for the estimation of BA. However, few in vitro BAC studies have been calibrated against a reliable animal model, such as immature swine. In this review, we have identified suitable methods for assessing arsenic and lead BAC and proposed a decision tree for the determination of contaminant bioavailability and bioaccessibility for health risk assessment.