Poisoning of reintroduced red kites (Milvus Milvus) in England

Poisoning of reintroduced red kites (Milvus Milvus) in England
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英国放归红鸢(Milvus Milvus)中毒

DOI:
10.1007/s10344-017-1152-z
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Molenaar F
Molenaar F
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Molenaar F

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重新引入掠食性鸟类的计划是资源密集型和昂贵的,但很少有关于这些重新引入的鸟类在释放后的健康状况的长期研究。1989年至2006年间,在英格兰的四个地点共放生了326只红鸢(Milvus Milvus),作为将该物种重新引入英格兰和苏格兰的努力的一部分,结果在野外建立了几个迅速扩大的种群。在1989年至2007年间,对162只被发现死亡的鸟类进行了详细的尸检,其中包括放生的和野生的鸟类。对162只鸟中的110只进行了一种或多种化合物的毒理学分析。这110只鸢中有32只被诊断为中毒,其中19只来自第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂,9只来自其他杀虫剂,6只来自铅。诊断抗凝血剂杀鼠剂中毒的标准包括尸检肉眼可见出血和抗凝血剂杀鼠剂水平超过100纳克/克,但另有8只红鸢的水平高于100纳克/克,但没有明显出血,这表明可能有更多的鸟类中毒。抗凝血灭鼠剂异虫灭和溴代隆是这一时期最常见的脊椎动物防治剂。对红鸢的中毒可能会减缓它们在英国的数量恢复和范围扩大的速度。简单地改变人类活动,例如控制啮齿动物运动的最佳做法、处理非法使用杀虫剂和使用无毒的铅弹药替代品,可以减少我们对红鸢以及其他掠食性和食腐性物种种群的影响。
Programmes to reintroduce predatory birds are resource intensive and expensive, yet there are few long-term studies on the health of these reintroduced birds following release. A total of 326 red kites (Milvus milvus) were released at four sites in England between 1989 and 2006 as part of efforts to reintroduce this species to England and Scotland, resulting in the establishment of several rapidly expanding populations in the wild. Detailed post-mortem examinations were carried out on 162 individuals found dead between 1989 and 2007, involving both released and wild-fledged birds. Toxicological analysis of one or more compounds was performed on 110 of the 162 birds. Poisoning was diagnosed in 32 of these 110 kites, 19 from second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides, 9 from other pesticides and 6 from lead. Criteria for diagnosing anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning included visible haemorrhage on gross post-mortem examination and levels of anticoagulant rodenticide exceeding 100 ng/g, but levels were elevated above 100 ng/g in a further eight red kites without visible haemorrhages, suggesting poisoning may have occurred in more birds. The anticoagulant rodenticides difenacoum and bromadiolone were the most common vertebrate control agents involved during this period. Poisoning of red kites may be slowing their rate of population recovery and range expansion in England. Simple modifications of human activity, such as best practice in rodent control campaigns, tackling the illegal use of pesticides and the use of non-toxic alternatives to lead ammunition, can reduce our impact on red kites and probably other populations of predatory and scavenging species.
英国圈养和放归的红鸢 Milvus milvus 中的铅污染和相关疾病。
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