Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline
Physiological Ecology of the Alpine Timberline
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-67107-4
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Prof. Dr. Walter Tranquillini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Prof. Dr. Walter Tranquillini
在欧洲阿尔卑斯山，随着人口的持续增长和旅游业的发展，森林在防止熔岩流和土壤侵蚀方面的重要性越来越明显。山林的保护潜力目前只能部分实现，因为在历史时期，相当大比例的高海拔林分已被人类大规模砍伐森林所破坏。由于树木密度不足和过度成熟，仍然存在的森林效率有限。然而，目前正在阿尔卑斯山和地球仪的其他山区作出相当大的努力，通过重新造林增加高海拔森林面积，提高被压低的林线，并利用适当的造林方法恢复剩余的保护林，使其充分发挥保护价值。这一重大任务要想取得成功，就必须在良好的基础上进行规划。一个重要的前提是收集有关山地防护林区的物理环境和在那里发生的树种的各种生活过程的科学事实。自从引进实用的野外技术以来，已经有可能成功地调查不同海拔高度的树木对记录因素的反应，以及它们适应测量情况的程度。这些生理生态研究使我们能够认识到对个别树种的立地要求，以及它们自然分布有限的原因。
In the European Alps the importance of forests as protection against ava lanches and soil erosion is becoming ever clearer with the continuing increase in population and development of tourism. The protective potential of the moun tain forests can currently only be partially realised because a considerable propor tion of high-altitude stands has been destroyed in historical times by man's extensive clearing ofthe forests. The forests still remaining are of limited effec tiveness, due to inadequate density of trees and over-maturity. Considerable efforts, however, are now being made in the Alps and other mountains of the globe to increase the high-altitude forested area through reforestation, to raise depressed timberlines, and to restore remaining protection forests using suit able silvicultural methods to their full protective value. This momentous task, if it is to be successful, must be planned on a sound foundation. An important prerequisite is the assembly of scientific facts con cerning the physical environment in the protection forest zone of mountains, and the course of various life processes of tree species occurring there. Since the introduction of practical field techniques it has been possible to investigate successfully the reaction of trees at various altitudes to recorded factors, and the extent to which they are adapted to the measured situations. Such ecophysio logical studies enable us to recognize the site requirements for individual tree species, and the reasons for the limits of their natural distribution.