Cytoskeleton dynamics in axon regeneration
Cytoskeleton dynamics in axon regeneration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.024
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Bradke, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanquie, Oriane;Bradke, Frank
近年来，细胞骨架动力学逐渐成为轴突再生的关键参与者。细胞骨架，特别是微管和肌动蛋白，确保神经元过程的生长并维持神经元的单一、高度极化的形状。受伤后，成年中央轴突的顶端会出现营养不良的结构，即回缩球，从而阻止其再生。异常的细胞骨架动力学是形成这种无生长能力的结构的原因，但通过药理学调节受损轴突的细胞骨架动力学可以将这种结构转变为有生长能力的生长锥。细胞骨架还在受伤后驱动疤痕形成细胞的迁移。针对其动力学改变了疤痕组织形成的抑制环境的组成，并使其更容易再生轴突。因此，细胞骨架动力学代表了促进轴突再生的一个有吸引力的目标。由于一些细胞骨架靶向药物在临床上用于其他目的，因此它们有望用作脊髓损伤后再生治疗的基础。
Recent years have seen cytoskeleton dynamics emerging as a key player in axon regeneration. The cytoskeleton, in particular microtubules and actin, ensures the growth of neuronal processes and maintains the singular, highly polarized shape of neurons. Following injury, adult central axons are tipped by a dystrophic structure, the retraction bulb, which prevents their regeneration. Abnormal cytoskeleton dynamics are responsible for the formation of this growth-incompetent structure but pharmacologically modulating cytoskeleton dynamics of injured axons can transform this structure into a growth-competent growth cone. The cytoskeleton also drives the migration of scar-forming cells after an injury. Targeting its dynamics modifies the composition of the inhibitory environment formed by scar tissue and renders it more permissive for regenerating axons. Hence, cytoskeleton dynamics represent an appealing target to promote axon regeneration. As some of cytoskeleton-targeting drugs are used in the clinics for other purposes, they hold the promise to be used as a basis for a regenerative therapy after a spinal cord injury.