Three-dimensional confocal images of microdamage in cancellous bone
Three-dimensional confocal images of microdamage in cancellous bone
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DOI：
10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00111-2
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kolesik, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fazzalari, NL;Forwood, MR;Kolesik, P
骨微损伤的积累可能导致骨质疏松症中骨质量的丧失，微损伤在疲劳骨折病因中的作用尚不清楚。在体外测试过程中产生的微损伤可以通过减少导致骨折所需的载荷来增加骨骼的脆弱性。微损伤也可在体内积累，但其对骨脆性的影响尚不清楚。迄今为止，染色微裂纹是与骨力学相关的唯一标准，这使得超微结构损伤对骨脆性的影响有待进一步研究。整体染色在组织中确定了三种形态特征，离散微裂纹，交叉染色和弥漫性染色。这些特征与微损伤识别之间的关系仍然是模棱两可的。本研究的目的是研究松质骨微损伤的三维性质，并描述染色微裂纹、交叉染色和弥漫性染色，并确定它们是否都与骨微损伤有关。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜，提供改进的空间分辨率比明场显微镜用于可视化骨损伤。发现裂纹表面密度与裂纹密度高度相关（r = 0.95, p < 0.0001），表明在明场显微镜下，随着新裂纹的形成或亚微观裂纹的出现，原有裂纹的裂纹表面会增加。交叉染色和扩散染色均可见长度约10 μ m的超微裂纹。交叉染色超微裂纹呈带状组织，并被弥漫性染色包围。本研究表明骨损伤发生的范围很广，离散微裂、交叉染色和弥漫性染色都是骨损伤的指示。弥漫性染色仍然明显与交叉染色中所见的超微裂纹相关，弥漫性染色可能是由于比我们所能研究的更小规模的损伤。(C) 1998年Elsevier Science Inc。版权所有。
The accumulation of microdamage in hone may contribute to loss of bone quality in osteoporosis, and the role of microdamage in the etiology of fatigue fractures is unknown. Microdamage created during testing, ex vivo, can increase the fragility of bone by decreasing the load necessary to cause fracture. Microdamage can also accumulate in vivo, but its influence on bone fragility is unknown. To date, stained microcracks are the only criteria to have been correlated with bone mechanics, leaving the influence of ultrastructural damage on bone fragility open for scrutiny. Staining en bloc has identified three morphological features in the tissue, discrete microcracks, cross-hatch staining, and diffuse staining. The relationship between these features and their identification as microdamage remains equivocal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional nature of microdamage in cancellous bone and also to describe stained microcracks, cross-hatch staining, and diffuse staining and to determine whether they all relate to microdamage in bone. Laser scanning confocal microscopy that provides improved spatial resolution over bright-field microscopy was used to visualize bone damage. It was found that crack surface density was highly correlated with crack density (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001), suggesting that the crack surface of preexisting cracks increases as new cracks are formed or submicroscopic cracks become visible under bright-field microscopy. Crosshatch staining and diffuse staining included ultra-microcracks about 10 mu m in length. The ultra-microcracks in cross-hatch staining were organized in bands and surrounded by diffuse staining. This study demonstrates that damage in bone occurs over a wide range and that discrete microcracks, cross-hatch staining, and diffuse staining are all indicative of bone damage. The diffuse staining still evident in association with the ultra-microcracks seen in cross-hatch staining and diffuse staining is probably due to damage at a still smaller scale than we have been able to investigate. (C) 1998 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.