Regenerative therapy for neuronal diseases with transplantation of somatic stem cells.
Regenerative therapy for neuronal diseases with transplantation of somatic stem cells.
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DOI：
10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.163
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发表时间：
2013-10-26
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kanno, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kanno, Hiroshi
多能干细胞具有向多种细胞分化的能力，有望成为再生医学移植的供细胞。胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞在几乎所有种类的细胞中都具有分化的潜力。然而，这些细胞的增殖能力很高，也被认为具有成癌能力。此外，利用胚胎干细胞也存在伦理问题。具有多种细胞分化能力的体细胞干细胞已被用作神经疾病的供体细胞，如肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、脊髓损伤、阿尔茨海默病、脑梗死和先天性神经疾病。来源于骨髓、脂肪组织、真皮组织、脐带血和胎盘的人间充质干细胞通常作为体细胞干细胞用于治疗顽固性神经疾病，而神经祖细胞/干细胞和视网膜祖细胞/干细胞分别用于治疗少数先天性神经疾病和视网膜退行性疾病。然而，未经处理的体细胞干细胞很少在受体神经组织中分化为神经细胞。因此，使用未经处理的体细胞干细胞对神经元再生的贡献一直很差，并且已经进行了各种差异试验，例如添加神经营养因子，基因转移，多肽转移用于体细胞干细胞的神经元分化。本文介绍了近年来利用各种体细胞进行再生治疗的研究进展。
Pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of differentiating in various species of cells, are hoped to be donor cells in transplantation in regenerative medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate in approximately all species of cells. However, the proliferating ability of these cells is high and the cancer formation ability is also recognized. In addition, ethical problems exist in using ES cells. Somatic stem cells with the ability to differentiate in various species of cells have been used as donor cells for neuronal diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer disease, cerebral infarction and congenital neuronal diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal tissue, umbilical cord blood and placenta are usually used for intractable neuronal diseases as somatic stem cells, while neural progenitor/stem cells and retinal progenitor/stem cells are used for a few congenital neuronal diseases and retinal degenerative disease, respectively. However, non-treated somatic stem cells seldom differentiate to neural cells in recipient neural tissue. Therefore, the contribution to neuronal regeneration using non-treated somatic stem cells has been poor and various differential trials, such as the addition of neurotrophic factors, gene transfer, peptide transfer for neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, have been performed. Here, the recent progress of regenerative therapies using various somatic stem cells is described.