Effect of Tillage and Crop Establishment Methods on Physical Properties of a Medium-Textured Soil under a Seven-Year Rice-Wheat Rotation
Effect of Tillage and Crop Establishment Methods on Physical Properties of a Medium-Textured Soil under a Seven-Year Rice-Wheat Rotation
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DOI：
10.2136/sssaj2010.0362
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sharma, Pradeep K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gathala, Mahesh K.;Ladha, J. K.;Sharma, Pradeep K.
稻麦（Oryza sativa L.-小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）轮作是亚洲的主要生产系统，占地约1800万公顷。种植水稻（混栽）和小麦（传统耕作）的传统做法会恶化土壤物理性质，并且是投入和能源密集型的。为了克服这些问题，人们推广了沿着和条播。一项为期7年的永久性小区研究评估了各种耕作和作物种植（CE）方法对土壤物理性质的影响，旨在改善土壤健康和资源利用效率。处理包括移栽和直播水稻平床和提高床有或没有耕作，然后在CT和ZT土壤小麦。10- 20-cm土层的容重（D-b）以搅土处理最高（1.74-1.77 Mg m（-3）），ZT处理最低（1.66-1.71 Mg m（-3））。在20 cm土层处，搅土处理的土壤渗透阻力（SPR）最大（3.46-3.72 MPa），ZT处理最小（2.51-2.82 MPa）。ZT直播处理> 0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体平均比常规处理高28%，正时间趋势为4.02% yr（-1）。ZT处理的入渗量（0.29-0.40 cm h（-1））高于水坑处理（0.18 cm h（-1））。ZT直播的最小限水幅度比常规直播提高了一倍左右。ZT系统中土壤物理参数的逐步改善导致小麦产量的提高，并有望在系统（稻+麦）基础上长期运行具有上级优势。两种作物在ZT直播新环境下对土壤要求的差异，其机理和要求有待进一步研究。
Rice-wheat (Oryza sativa L.-Triticum aestivum L.) rotation is the major production system in Asia, covering about 18 million ha. Conventional practice of growing rice (puddled transplanting) and wheat (conventional till, CT) deteriorate soil physical properties, and are input- and energy-intensive. Zero-tillage (ZT) along with drill-seeding have been promoted to overcome these problems. A 7-yr permanent plot study evaluated various tillage and crop establishment (CE) methods on soil physical properties with an aim to improve soil health and resource-use efficiency. Treatments included transplanting and direct-seeding of rice on flat and raised beds with or without tillage followed by wheat in CT and ZT soil. Bulk density (D-b) of the 10- to 20-cm soil layer was highest under puddled treatments (1.74-1.77 Mg m(-3)) and lowest under ZT treatments (1.66-1.71 Mg m(-3)). Likewise, soil penetration resistance (SPR) was highest at the 20-cm depth in puddled treatments (3.46-3.72 MPa) and lowest in ZT treatments (2.51-2.82 MPa). Compared with conventional practice, on average, water-stable aggregates (WSAs) > 0.25 mm were 28% higher in ZT direct-seeding with positive time trend of 4.02% yr(-1). Infiltration was higher (0.29-0.40 cm h(-1)) in ZT treatments than puddled treatments (0.18 cm h(-1)). The least-limiting water range was about double in ZT direct-seeding than that of conventional practice. Gradual improvement in soil physical parameters in ZT system resulted in improvement in wheat yield and is expected to be superior in long-run on system (rice+wheat) basis. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms and requirements of two cereals with contrasting edaphic requirements in their new environment of ZT direct-seeding.